Adolescence Ages 11 to 19 Book Review

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Adolescence

Describe two ways that brain development typically contributes to changes in thinking and behavior as individuals progress through adolescence (448-451). Provide two specific examples of how most adolescents think and reason (pp. 485-493).

Because of the "Dramatic transformations" that occur during adolescence in the prefrontal cortex and the limbic brain regions, feelings of "fear and anger" emerge in the adolescent (p. 448). These fears and angry responses are due to the growth of testosterone (in the amygdale); and the author explains that this change explains the "increased aggressiveness and irritability" that boys experience during this portion of their development (448).

A second way in which the changes in the brain contribute to adolescents behaviors is in cognitive functioning. Because the systems that regulate emotional behavior and sexuality are evolving and growing, cognitive functioning is a work in progress, so to speak. Sleep may be irregular in adolescents, and a lack of judgment and foresight can be explained by the fact that the limbic system is still being developed and because the adolescent has not yet had good coordination between the limbic system and the prefrontal cortex (449).

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Two specific examples as to how most adolescents think and reason based on brain development: a) Teenagers tend to "misread the feelings of others" because their frontal cortex is not yet fully developed; and moreover, teens react "strongly" and tend to react with "gut" feelings because the emotional region of their brains are not "fully connected" with the frontal region of their brains (449); and b) common behaviors among adolescents include "risk-taking" and "independence-seeking" and both are a result of "neuronal changes" in the brain (451). The risk-taking can include "impulsive actions" that can lead to experimentation with alcohol and drugs because they are motivated to try "new experiences" (451).

TWO: Two specific examples of how adolescents think and reason (485-493). ANSWER for TWO: [NOTE: these pages were not included in the pdf attached to this assignment]

THREE: Using three reasons, explain why it is true that identity formation takes greater importance during adolescence than at other times. One,….....

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