Africa the Diverse Continent of Term Paper

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Technological advancements are rare in the bulk of sub-Saharan nations, which remain among the poorest in the world due to their weak levels of exports. However, some Sub-Saharan nations possess a range of natural resources from ore to agriculture. Some sub-Saharan African countries such as Sierra Leone rely on a corrupt and dangerous gem mining industry, the profits of which do not reach the general population. Many African nations possess ore and mining resources and other raw materials such as vegetable gums.

On the other hand, North African nations enjoy far more prosperity and technological advancement than sub-Saharan Africa. Egypt's economy is strongly tied to the Middle Eastern nations and also boasts a significant tourism industry. Egypt's sophisticated system of damming also permits the otherwise desert country to produce agriculture for export. Egypt also has some petroleum reserves. Algeria's economy also depends to an extent on oil but that nation also has a booming natural gas and hydrocarbons industry. The Sudan, a North African nation which is currently struggling with a devastating civil war, depends on agriculture for its economy.

The geography and climate of these two regions differs significantly, and also impacts their economic development. However, topology and climate differ within these regions, making it impossible to generalize. The Saharan nations in North Africa contain arid and semi-arid desert lands that create dry climates, but some North African nations like Sudan have large portions of arable land and some mountainous, more humid regions.

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Sub-Saharan African states vary considerably in terms of climate and geography, largely depending on their proximity to the ocean. Drier portions of the continent have savannah-type landscapes while more tropical parts of the continent boast a rich and lush type of vegetation and a more humid climate.

The political climates of North and Sub-Saharan Africa also differ greatly. Some nations in Sub-Saharan Africa are democratic republics but the bulk of Sub-Saharan nations are politically corrupt, their governments oppressive regimes. South Africa has had its hare of social and political problems due to the British occupation and the apartheid system, which denied the rights of the indigenous black people. The Republic of South Africa has recently begun improving its government and societal structure. The current conditions in Sudan are also due to racial tension, although in the case with Sudan the conflict is between Muslims in the North and Christians and pagans in the South. Most of the North African nations have democratic republics with universal suffrage, whereas several of the Sub-Saharan nations deny voting rights to significant portions of the population, when in fact elections are fair......

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