Alcohol and Pregnancy Effects of Term Paper

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Their organs, particularly the heart, may not from properly and often their brain is small and abnormally formed, and the majority of them have some degree of mental disability (Drinking pp). Moreover, poor coordination, a short attention span and behavioral problems are also found in FAS babies (Drinking pp). These effects can last a lifetime, and any if not mentally retarded, "adolescents and adults with FAS have varying degrees of psychological and behavioral problems and often find it difficult to hold down a job and live independently" (Drinking pp). An estimated ten times the number of babies born with FAS are born with lesser degrees of alcohol-related damage, a condition sometimes referred to as fetal alcohol effects, FAE, or fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, FASD, and may show some of the physical or mental birth defects found with FAS (Drinking pp). More specific diagnostic categories for FAE, refer to the physical birth defects, such as heart defects, as alcohol-related birth defects, ARBD, and to the mental and behavioral abnormalities as alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorders, ARND (Drinking pp). Alcohol-related birth defects, such as heart defects, are more likely to occur from the mother drinking during the first trimester, while growth problems are more likely to result from alcohol consumption in the third trimester, however, alcohol consumption at any stage of the can affect the brain (Drinking pp).

Drinking alcohol during pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage, low birth-weight and stillbirth (Drinking pp). Heavy drinkers are up to four times more likely to miscarry between the fourth and sixth months of pregnancy than nondrinkers (Drinking pp).

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According to a recent Danish study, women who drank five or more drinks a week were three times more likely to have a stillborn baby than women who had few than one drink per week (Drinking pp).

According to a 2001 study, mothers who had as little as one drink a week during pregnancy were more likely to have a child with behavior problems, such as aggression and delinquency; and mothers who drank any alcohol during pregnancy were more than three times more likely to have a child with delinquent behavior (Drinking pp).

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