Analyzing Diffusion of Innovation Chapter

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life stories in it in forming one's own DNP project.

Diffusion can be described as the procedure through which an innovation is conveyed via particular channels over time amidst members of a social system. An innovation, on the other hand, can be described as a practice, idea, or even object regarded as new by somebody or adoption unit (Rogers, et.al). The process of diffusion basically entails both interpersonal communication and mass media channels. In the current world, information technologies like mobile phones and the internet are a representation of remarkable diffusion tools. Think of the following encounter of co-author Singhal in the Philippines.

In May 2006, as Singhal walked down Epifanio de los Santas Avenue (known as "Edsa") in Manila, Philippines, a Filipina associate noticed that "Edsa" was actually the street where cell phones brought down President Estrada's government. Taking in the bewildering look on Singhal's face, she explained that five years back she received a text message on her cell phone. The text message read 'Go 2 EDSA' and just within a span of few hours, EDSA was swarming with thousands of Filipinos who had also received a similar message (Rogers, et.al). The Filipinos were protesting against the corrupt Estrada government. The crowd grew to more than one million just within a few days. Estrada was overthrown. Upon his return to the United States, Singhal's internet search showed that in January 2001, the impeachment trial against Estrada was stopped by senators that backed him up. Just within minutes of utilizing cell phones to relay a text message led to the fall of the government without even a single shot being fired. The rapid diffusion of a mere text message led the military to actually withdraw its support.

After reading the story on the internet, Singhal then forwarded it to twenty-eight undergraduate students in his Communication and Information Diffusion class at Ohio University through email, requesting them to share the story with friends and family members that were interested. Most did so. Here, we get to see how an innocent interpersonal exchange on a street in Manila was itself diffused from one source to several recipients and, in turn, to other individuals through rapid diffusion (Rogers, et.al).

The study of the diffusion of innovations in its present-day form could be tracked down from the premises and observations of a French sociologist as well as legal academic, known as Gabriel Tarde. Major concepts of diffusion like the S-curve diffusion, opinion leadership, and the function of socioeconomic position within interpersonal dispersion were instigated by Tarde, even though he didn't actually apply these concepts with these terms. These particular theoretical concepts had been described by Tarde in his book, The Laws of Imitation. The academic leads proposed by Tarde were then followed up by anthropologists that started examining the position of technological innovations in causing cultural change. Descriptive of these anthropological researches had been Clark Wissler's study of the horse's diffusion amid the Plains Indians (Rogers, et.al). Just like in other anthropological works, stress was on innovation outcome. For instance, Wissler illustrated that including horses in their culture drove the Plains Indians, who had been living peacefully, into a state of nearly constant war with the surrounding tribes.

DNP Project Idea

With respect to technology in healthcare today, reinvention is considered as a step for diffusing what is called flexible technology into a very intricate social surrounding (Cain and Mittman, 2002). Currently, most hospitals would say that that their administrative systems are unique. They, however, carry on with designs that are all similar to one another. Customization is actually what increases the acceptance of technology.

Healthcare Technology Innovation Problem

Whereas the world around us has been absorbed by the quickly advancing information technology, our HIT team has gradually and painfully advanced. While the IBM PC was being greatly implemented as a business standard for office efficiency, at the time our SVP of IT had a more revolutionary vision for these clunky tools. Soon I was the head of team of system developers on a project to come up with as well as apply a microcomputer solution for our eighty-four functioning rooms spread across five buildings (Thrower, 2014). With just crude, segregated local-area networks in position, we utilized our IBM mainframe like a server, linking personal computers through coaxial cables, control units, together with IBM's proprietary LU6.2 protocol. The programming technique was Advanced Program-to-Program Communications that permitted programs functioning on each side to actually "talk to one another." We were not just distributing information.

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Rather, whichever side could start an exchange session, telling the opposite side what to actually do and conveying data back and forth as needed. The programs running on both the sides stayed in a state of connection till the desired work was done. In one way or another, we were illustrating interoperability, though in quite a controlled and proprietary surrounding.

The aim back then was quite different from what is motivating the need for interoperability across HIT presently. Our efforts, then, we actually motivated by the need effectively and reliably operate graphical user interfaces in 640K of RAM. Similarly, our servers were restricted to around 60 MB of hard disk storage and were not capable of satisfying the reliable and fast recovery and updating we needed (Thrower, 2014). In spite of these setbacks, we are capable of quickly developing transformational solutions which shifted us from terminal-based transaction processing systems to reliable, highly efficient, and user-friendly clinical systems. These particular systems stayed in valuable use for more than a decade.

Method to Use

The technique I want to apply for this study is the one observed in the Iowa Hybrid Seed Corn Study; majority of investigators have actually followed the methodological path described by Gross and Ryan in the study of hybrid corn. Information is primarily collected by individual or telephone interviews from participants that are asked to retrospect regarding their period of adoption, the communication sources or paths that they utilized in the innovation-decision process, to describe their network links with others, as well as other variables like their personal and social traits (Rogers, et.al). The person is normally the analysis unit, though in the current years, several researches have been carried out whereby an organization is the analysis unit. Insufficient academic data has been provided to the outcomes of technological innovations. The main style of diffusion investigations is therefore the quantitative analysis of information collected through survey interview methods from huge samples. The general impacts of these major techniques of research have been to stress an understanding of the diffusion process as the result of individual actions and choices.

Results

It is quite true that both Google and Microsoft did not succeed in their initial efforts of deploying Personal Health Record (PHR) solutions. Apple is now taking its turn with Health and its related HealthKit. We ought to pay attention, but just like Google and Microsoft before them, the success of Apple could be restricted without a clean way of connecting the client and caregiver. PHR solutions ought to become the only source of truth in a manner that generates a complete PHR so as to truly take hold (Thrower, 2014). We actually require a system that is comparable to our national credit report system. This is perhaps beyond the realm of possibilities, however, with the dominance of PaaS and SaaS, why not take an extra step and deliver constituent parts as a service? With the assumption that an ESB framework exists in healthcare, what if we could simply collect the required functions in a set of solutions out of the cloud? Instead of several months being spent by solution architects attempting to discover how to make dissimilar applications work jointly across several platforms of technology, they would instead collect and examine light-weight constituent parts to create solutions for what is actually needed in their organization at that particular moment. If we dislike the manner through which a certain function operates or we adjust our way of working, then we simply discard that part and look for the correct part. Instead of medical doctors having to get to know how to utilize several user interfaces, they would utilize their favorite device in interacting with several host solutions. Our alleged HER solutions would get reduced to become clinical data repositories with intricate plumbing (Thrower, 2014).

Whereas conventional healthcare payers have a lot of interest in higher analytics for financial modeling as well as risk reduction, they have minimal interest in improving technology to streamline payment procedure (Thrower, 2014). These payers have conventionally acquired majority of their profits through the administering of self-funded health plans. Simply put, they are making a lot of profit to simply transfer funds from healthcare sponsors to healthcare providers. Banks have already proved that they actually transfer money more efficiently and effectively when compared to healthcare payers. Provided the correct disruptive activators, I am certain that they would embrace the opportunity to develop a new system for healthcare refund for the promise of.....

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