Analyzing Theories Related to Crime Causation Essay

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Psychoanalytical Theory

The psychoanalytical theory suggests that unconscious processes of the mind that developed in one’s childhood days control personality and influence ones behavior. According to the theory, the three main parts of personality, i.e. the id, the ego and the super ego work in concordance. When they conflict, the result is maladjusted behavior in children, which may lead to delinquency. According to the psychodynamic theory, adult offenders who are violent are aggravated out of frustration. Their behavior is a result of being drawn to events of their past that happened in their childhood. Owing to a negligent attitude that is often occasioned by lack of love and proper care and guidance, such people have a weak ego or simply lack it. There is a close link between the theory explanations and juvenile delinquency. It points out that dysfunctional conduct is leads criminal acts (Criminal Justice Research, 2010).

In court room surroundings, a judge can make use of the psychoanalytic theory by stretching the punishment quantum for the offender. A more stringent penalty would mean that the defendant would have to stay longer in confinement. A probation officer for adults would make use of the psychoanalytic theory by pointing out the first parole violation and making sure that such a defendant is given punishment their crime. A juvenile probation official would on the other hand keep a close watch over juveniles placed under their care. Similarly, in case a juvenile violates any rules, they would be punished for the same. Such an officer will emphasize formal processing of the juveniles conduct since the case was reported to him. The officer would focus on thorough investigation while the defendant is detained to come up with concrete reports for the court and judges.

Rational Choice Theory

The Rational Choice Theory, also referred to in short as RCT is that crime and behavior that leads to it are similar to behavior that is not criminal.

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It explains that such criminal behavior like normal non criminal behavior is what individuals consciously decide to pursue, with the hope that there will be more rewards for it compared to non criminal behavior. RCT provides agency to human beings. Juveniles acting out of agency believe that they act out of choice and will, about the courses of action they will take. They believe that they are acting as agents of their own behavior. Agency may also be viewed as determinism from another perspective. . Violent offenders act in a certain way not because of their will but rather that there is some cause that has triggered such behavior. For example, a juvenile status offence agent might decide to take alcohol or smoke while a delinquent decides to engage in criminal behavior such as robbery or theft. They feel cool before their peers when they commit these crimes. They also gauge the disadvantages of not engaging in such offences, such as being ridiculed by their peers and friends (Criminal Justice Research, 2010)

A judge may make use of RCT by arriving at logical conclusions on cases making sure that their power remains intact when rendering such decisions. Society is thus guided in a certain way. In offenses involving adult and juveniles probation officials, they should understand that despite the causal factors for breaking the law by an inmate, there are multiple factors that lead to such eventualities. They should not necessarily accept the actions; rather, they should simply view their role as being that of maintaining security and order.

Social Disorganization Theory

In 1942, Shaw and McKay conducted a research that grew into social disorganization theory. They concluded that….....

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