Annotated Bibliography on False Confessions Essay

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Total Length: 1020 words ( 3 double-spaced pages)

Total Sources: 5

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Chojnacki, D.E., Ciccini, M.D. & White, L.T. (2008). An empirical basis for the admission of expert testimony on false confessions. 40 Ariz. St. L.J. 1 (2008).



When a false confession has been extracted, the defendant on trial has few recourses. One of their recourses is to convince the jury that the confession was unethically extracted, by calling in expert witnesses in the field of psychology. These expert witnesses can show juries how and why false confessions occur, to show that they are relatively common as well as problematic. However, the authors claim that many judges disallow the expert testimony under the assumption that the jurors are familiar with the topic of false confessions. This article is tremendously helpful in my research because it shows not only that false confessions occur due to bad law enforcement procedures, but also that there is a widespread misperception of how pervasive the problem has become.



Garrett, B.L. (2010). The substance of false confessions. Stanford Law Review 62(4): 1051-1118.



This article examines the content of interrogations, including what was said by the interviewer and by the suspect. Garrett (2010) also shows how the text of the confession is used during key moments in the criminal justice procedure, leading to what the author calls "confession contamination," (p. 1051).

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Because the interviewers plant ideas in the minds of the subjects, the confessions contain rich and detailed information about the crime, making the confessions seem real. Unfortunately, there are no safeguards against the predatory interrogation techniques used by law enforcement. This article is helpful for my research both in providing background information and also for providing possible solutions.



Gudjonssen, G.H. & Pearse, J. (2011). Suspect interviews and false confessions. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20, 33-37.



This article compares the Reid technique, which is a common interrogation method used by law enforcement in the United States, with the PEACE model, which is used by British law enforcement. The latter stands for Preparation and Planning, Engage and Explain, Account and Clarification, Closure, and Evaluation, and is also used in Norway and New Zealand. This method is designed to better prepare the interviewer, and is based on truth finding rather than on extracting a confession. On the contrary, the Reid model is riddled with problems because it frequently leads to false confessions. This article will help my research by….....

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