Applied Project Management on Procter & Gamble Vs Colgate Palmolive Problem Diagnosis Definition and Academic Sources Term Paper

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STYLES OF LEADERSHIP: PROCTER & GAMBLE VS COLGATE-PALMOLIVE

Problem Diagnosis and Definition

Specific Problem Definition on which the project will be based.

The problem upon which this project is based is the differing types of leadership between Procter & Gamble and Colgate-Palmolive, both nationally and internationally, that have relatively affected each organization's real and potential success.

History of the Problem (include quantitative data, if available)

The history of the problem is the differing approaches taken by the governments of Procter & Gamble and Colgate-Palmolive, both nationally and internationally, from their inceptions, through their developments as global leaders and to their current business styles.

Procter & Gamble

Procter & Gamble was established in Cincinnati, OH in 1837 as a two-man partnership by brothers-in-law William Procter, a candle maker and James Gamble, a soap maker, continuing to this day under the name of Procter & Gamble (Procter & Gamble, 2015). In 1890, the partnership ended as Procter & Gamble incorporated to raise additional funds for expansion. In 1900, the corporation begins international sales and in 1920, the company began using direct sales, with 450 salesmen selling directly to retailers. In 1930, the first non-family member, Richard R. Deupree, was chosen as company president. Today, P&G's manufacturing and marketing is represented by approximately 145 nationalities and its stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange as PG at $82.89 per share (Yahoo!Finance, 2016). Its corporate board of directors has general oversight per Ohio's General Corporation Law, P&G's Amended Articles of Incorporation and Code of Regulations, and the Board of Directors' By-Laws (Procter & Gamble, 2015).

b. Colgate-Palmolive

Colgate-Palmolive was created as a corporation with the acquisition of Colgate Company by Palmolive-Peet in 1928 (Colgate-Palmolive Company, 2016). In 1930, the company was first listed on the New York Stock Exchange. Today, Colgate-Palmolive concentrates on oral care, personal care, home care and pet nutrition, selling products in 200 countries with annual sales of more than $15 billion (Colgate-Palmolive Company, 2016). The corporation is currently traded on the New York Stock Exchange as CL at $69.91 per share (Yahoo!Finance, 2016). The company's corporate governance is headed by a Board of Directors, with general oversight per New York's General Corporation Law, the company's Amended Articles of Incorporation and Code of Regulations, and the Board of Directors' By-Laws (Colgate-Palmolive Company, 2016).

3. Review of key Issues/Symptoms of Problem

a. Analysis of leadership theories and styles

The threshold issue is determination of exactly how these two international titans are governed because simply saying they are corporations with boards of directors is insufficient for understanding their leadership styles. Particularly helpful in researching this issue is IAAP's "Leadership theories and styles" (IAAP, 2009).

b. Analysis of External Forces Affecting the Subjects' National and International Business

As national and international leaders and competitors, Procter & Gamble and Colgate-Palmolive deal with multiple challenges in the Personal Products Industry, Consumer Products Sector. Those challenges include: strong competition from Avon, Estee Lauder, Revlon, Coty, Elizabeth Arden, Inter-Parfums, Inc., Unilever, Bic, Church and Dwight Co., as well as many smaller companies (Investopedia, n.d.); multinational laws, taxation, cultures and political systems. In order to grasp the logic of PG and CP leadership styles, the researcher must also understand the external forces shaping the companies' decisions (Conklin, 2011).

c. Preparation and Use of Questionnaire

Based upon the three leadership theories and styles discerned, a questionnaire must be prepared. This will be a short questionnaire that was designed to identify different types of leadership that are present in the organization. The questionnaire will be given to as many members of the organization as possible and the questionnaires will be collected and the data will be compiled and analyzed.

d. Preparation and Use of MS Excel Spreadsheet

The research should be able to be conducted with the assistance of a spreadsheet like MS Excel to code the data and make the statistical calculations.

Resources

Bern, M. (2015, December 31). Valuing Dividend Aristocrats - Procter & Gamble Vs. Colgate-Palmolive. Retrieved from seekingalpha.com: http://seekingalpha.com/article/3784206-valuing-dividend-aristocrats-procter-and-gamble-vs.-colgate-palmolive

Colgate-Palmolive Company. (2016). For consumers: Home Page. Retrieved from www.colgate.com: http://www.colgate.com/app/Colgate/U.S./Corp/Consumers/HomePage.cvsp

Colgate-Palmolive Company. (2016). Welcome to our history. Retrieved from www.colgate.com: http://www.colgate.com/app/Colgate/U.S./Corp/History/1806.cvsp

Conklin, D. (2011, July/August). The global environment of business: New paradigms for international management. Retrieved from iveybusinessjournal.com: http://iveybusinessjournal.com/publication/the-global-environment-of-business-new-paradigms-for-international-management/

IAAP. (2009, April 28). Leadership theories and styles. Retrieved from ETSU: https://www.etsu.edu/ahsc/documents/Leadership_Theories.pdf

Investopedia. (n.d.). Who are Procter & Gamble's main competitors? . Retrieved from www.investopedia.com: http://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/120114/who-are-proctor-gambles-pg-main-competitors.asp

Judge, J., & Bono, J. (2000). Five factor model of personality and transformational leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology, 751-765.

Kilburg, R., & Donohue, M. (2011). Toward a 'Grand Unifying Theory' of leadership. Consulting Psychology Journal, 6-25.

Procter & Gamble. (2015). History of innovation. Retrieved from us.pg.com: http://us.pg.com/who_we_are/heritage/history_of_innovation

Procter & Gamble. (2015). Our brands. Retrieved from us.pg.com: http://us.pg.com/our_brands

Turner, R., & Muller, R. (2005). The project manager's leadership style as a success factor on projects: A literature review.

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Project Management Journal, 49-61.

Yahoo!Finance. (2016, March 25). Colgate-Palmolive Co. Retrieved from finance.yahoo.com: http://finance.yahoo.com/q?s=CL

Yahoo!Finance. (2016, March 25). The Procter & Gamble Company. Retrieved from finance.yahoo.com: http://finance.yahoo.com/q?s=PG

Assignment #6: Literature Review on Problem - Part 1-3 Pages

Academic and Theoretical Foundations of the problem

1. Bern, M. (2015, December 31). Valuing Dividend Aristocrats - Procter & Gamble Vs. Colgate-Palmolive. Retrieved from seekingalpha.com: http://seekingalpha.com/article/3784206-valuing-dividend-aristocrats-procter-and-gamble-vs.-colgate-palmolive

An experienced investor's analysis of earnings and investment desirability of both companies over a 20-year span.

2. Colgate-Palmolive Company. (2016). For consumers: Home Page. Retrieved from www.colgate.com: http://www.colgate.com/app/Colgate/U.S./Corp/Consumers/HomePage.cvsp

This is Colgate-Palmolive's public persona for consumers and possible investors in the company.

3. Colgate-Palmolive Company. (2016). Welcome to our history. Retrieved from www.colgate.com: http://www.colgate.com/app/Colgate/U.S./Corp/History/1806.cvsp

Colgate-Palmolive's recitation of its company history.

4. Conklin, D. (2011, July/August). The global environment of business: New paradigms for international management. Retrieved from iveybusinessjournal.com: http://iveybusinessjournal.com/publication/the-global-environment-of-business-new-paradigms-for-international-management/

An analysis of social, technological, economic, political and governmental forces facing international businesses in today's global market.

5. IAAP. (2009, April 28). Leadership theories and styles. Retrieved from ETSU: https://www.etsu.edu/ahsc/documents/Leadership_Theories.pdf

Exploration of basic traits of leadership and of specific theories: Situational Leadership; Contingency Theory; Transactional Leadership; Transformational Leadership.

6. Investopedia. (n.d.). Who are Procter & Gamble's main competitors? Retrieved from www.investopedia.com: http://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/120114/who-are-proctor-gambles-pg-main-competitors.asp

Major national and global competitors of both Procter & Gamble and Colgate-Palmolive.

7. Judge, J., & Bono, J. (2000). Five factor model of personality and transformational leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology, 751-765.

Examination of transformational leadership theory in view of the Five Factor Model of Personality: Neuroticism; Extraversion; Openness to Experience; Agreeableness; and Conscientiousness.

8. Kilburg, R., & Donohue, M. (2011). Toward a 'Grand Unifying Theory' of leadership. Consulting Psychology Journal, 6-25.

Efforts toward consolidation and consensus of leadership traits across numerous definitions and theories.

9. Procter & Gamble. (2015). History of innovation. Retrieved from us.pg.com: http://us.pg.com/who_we_are/heritage/history_of_innovation

Procter & Gamble's public persona for consumers and investors.

10. Procter & Gamble. (2015). Our brands. Retrieved from us.pg.com: http://us.pg.com/our_brands

Procter & Gamble's enumeration and explanation of its leading brands.

11. Turner, R., & Muller, R. (2005). The project manager's leadership style as a success factor Project Management Journal, 49-61.

Examination of specific leadership style's impact on execution of business plans and degrees of success.

12. Yahoo!Finance. (2016, March 25). Colgate-Palmolive Co. Retrieved from finance.yahoo.com: http://finance.yahoo.com/q?s=CL

Colgate-Palmolive's economic picture by independent financial sources.

13. Yahoo!Finance. (2016, March 25). The Procter & Gamble Company. Retrieved from finance.yahoo.com: http://finance.yahoo.com/q?s=PG

Procter & Gamble's economic picture by independent sources.

Resources

Bern, M. (2015, December 31). Valuing Dividend Aristocrats - Procter & Gamble Vs. Colgate-Palmolive. Retrieved from seekingalpha.com: http://seekingalpha.com/article/3784206-valuing-dividend-aristocrats-procter-and-gamble-vs.-colgate-palmolive

Colgate-Palmolive Company. (2016). For consumers: Home Page. Retrieved from www.colgate.com: http://www.colgate.com/app/Colgate/U.S./Corp/Consumers/HomePage.cvsp

Colgate-Palmolive Company. (2016). Welcome to our history. Retrieved from www.colgate.com: http://www.colgate.com/app/Colgate/U.S./Corp/History/1806.cvsp

Conklin, D. (2011, July/August). The global environment of business: New paradigms for international management. Retrieved from iveybusinessjournal.com: http://iveybusinessjournal.com/publication/the-global-environment-of-business-new-paradigms-for-international-management/

IAAP. (2009, April 28). Leadership theories and styles. Retrieved from ETSU: https://www.etsu.edu/ahsc/documents/Leadership_Theories.pdf

Investopedia. (n.d.). Who are Procter & Gamble's main competitors? . Retrieved from www.investopedia.com: http://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/120114/who-are-proctor-gambles-pg-main-competitors.asp

Judge, J., & Bono, J. (2000). Five factor model of personality and transformational leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology, 751-765.

Kilburg, R., & Donohue, M. (2011). Toward a 'Grand Unifying Theory' of leadership. Consulting Psychology Journal, 6-25.

Procter & Gamble. (2015). History of innovation. Retrieved from us.pg.com: http://us.pg.com/who_we_are/heritage/history_of_innovation

Procter & Gamble. (2015). Our brands. Retrieved from us.pg.com: http://us.pg.com/our_brands

Turner, R., & Muller, R. (2005). The project manager's leadership style as a success factor Project Management Journal, 49-61.

Yahoo!Finance. (2016, March 25). Colgate-Palmolive Co. Retrieved from finance.yahoo.com: http://finance.yahoo.com/q?s=CL

Yahoo!Finance. (2016, March 25). The Procter & Gamble Company. Retrieved from finance.yahoo.com: http://finance.yahoo.com/q?s=PG.....

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