Related Essays
understanding the processes utilized in data collection and contribute towards generating reliable findings and conclusions.
Relevant Assumptions
When conducting a study, researchers tend to make several assumptions during the research process and generating credible research findings. According to Simon (2011) research assumptions are some of the basic elements that must be present in order for a research problem to exist. Given the significance of assumptions, it is not only important for a researcher to state his/her assumptions but also provide justifications for the assumptions. The justifications of assumptions made when conducting a research helps in enhancing the reader's understanding of the issues raised in the research… Continue Reading...
remain Caucasian males who may be unable to address the diverse needs of the incarcerated community. Biases and assumptions about inmates may also hinder the ability of inmates to seek and receive psychological treatment. Moreover, a full third of prison psychologist work time is spent on administrative duties -- more than the time spent on direct treatment. Only 26% of their work time is devoted to directly treating the inmates, meaning that structural and institutional variables are impeding the delivery of quality mental health care to the prison community.
Interestingly, the profession of clinical psychology was practically born in the prison context. As Magaletta, et al. (2016) point… Continue Reading...
employee meeting the objective? What could be done to help the employee meet the objective more effectively?
What assumptions are necessary to implement performance-based management?
The assumptions necessary to implement performance-based management are those that the employee has no control over but that might affect the outcome of his or her work. For instance, if an employee must travel to achieve a work-related objective, it would be assumed that there are sufficient funds available to cover the cost of his or her travel. Any potential obstacle that may arise and become a blockade to the employee's success is regarded as an assumption: it is assumed that the necessary… Continue Reading...
the victimless crimes, if not drastically reducing their penalties (Schur, 1965).
The Biases and Assumptions that Influenced Participants in the Case Process
Investigators
There was a federal organized investigation launched to probe the tactics of the aggressive tactics applied by the street crimes unit. Proponents of the unit claimed that the unit had helped New York to get rid of thousands of guns from the streets. They pointed to the statistics that showed that the strategy had helped reduce violent crime in the Bronx and Northern Manhattan. The U.S. attorney's office ignored these claims. Following the legislation, in 1992, that was passed following the… Continue Reading...
term is frequently used, associated with the very wealthy and comes with many assumptions regarding what it means. However, the term is a clumsy one. Indeed, to be privileged means that one has advantages and special rights. The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines it as not being subject to usual rules or penalties due to some type of special circumstance. In my case, the special circumstances are a high level of social wealth and the social status that comes with that wealth.
High levels of wealth may be associated with privileges. For example, if I got into trouble with the law, I can afford the… Continue Reading...
the Hospital Annual labor cost of Operating the Unit
The report estimates the annual labor operating costs by calculating the number of hours of three groups of nurses. The study makes the following assumptions to estimate the total number hours all employees work last year:
First, the paper assumes that HN worked 168 (1*12*14) hours per year pay period. The USs worked 672 (4*12*14) hours per year pay period. Thus, the report calculates the remaining hour based on the percentages of the different nursing category:
• 76.0% to RNs,
• 16.0% to LPNs, and • 8.0% to NAs.
For agency hours, and flex-pool, the paper assumes the same percentage distributions.
The study also assumes that FTE (full-time equivalent) employees work 40 hours weekly… Continue Reading...
values. In light of the role and significance of the assumptions underlying each parametric test, this paper provides a comparison of one-sample, paired-samples, and independent-sample t-tests within the context of quantitative doctoral business research. The comparison is based on a qualitative research proposal.
One-sample, Paired-Samples, and Independent-Samples T-tests
As previously indicated, t-tests are used in quantitative research evaluate whether two groups have varying average values. In this regard, t-tests help to compare two means to evaluate whether they come from the same population. One of the underlying assumptions in t-tests is that both groups have relatively equal variances and are… Continue Reading...
assumed to be some consistency, such as the law of gravity or relativity, then assumptions about new phenomena in science can be made; after observing consistency on an inductive basis (for example, similarities of responses to a particular drug), then an assumption can be made regarding the scientific utility of the pharmaceutical. Inductive logic, rigorously performed, is the primary assumption behind the scientific method, whereby a hypothesis is generated based upon past research about a new scenario. After observing the scenario, the hypothesis is either proven correct or incorrect. Regardless of the outcome, the experiment can and must be able to be performed by… Continue Reading...
emphasis. There is need to get a hold of what psychologists assume, inclusive of their metaphysical and physical assumptions and coming up with ideas about how we can envision psychology with the same data bearing different interpretations which are consistent with the understanding of Christians (p. 20)
The given comment bears the same similarities to the philosophical arguments that I have and have presented them at the University of the Southern Caribbean during the fourth Mind of Christ Conference (Santrac 2011).
Classical Greek Dualism
Relating to the classical Greek dualism, existence of spiritual and a physical realm which separates the body and the soul (Pojman, 1999), philosophers came up… Continue Reading...
the international relations, while constructivism takes similar stands with the liberalist and realist assumptions with reference to anarchy, however, constructivism departs itself by focusing on norms, relationship between actors and how identity influences state behaviors. While constructivism has assisted in shaping the international order, there is still a limited scholarly article that explores the theory of constructivism in the international relations. This study attempts to fill the gap by exploring the concept constructivism in understanding the behaviors of states in the international relations.
Theory of Constructivist
Theory of constructivist provides a significant aspect of international relations showing that the international systems are socially… Continue Reading...
could be employed to address this problem.
Step 2: Define the Scope; Formulate Facts and Assumptions
The second step is to identify the stakeholders involved in the problem and the facts, limitations and assumptions associated with the problem. The stakeholders involved in this problem are the residents of both the unincorporated county and the city, both of whom rely on the water treatment plant. The auto manufacturer is also a stakeholder although the organization has not yet arrived. The city council and mayor are also stakeholders, as they are responsible with providing a solution to the problem.
The facts of the matter are that: (a)… Continue Reading...
research method for this case study was qualitative. Qualitative information provides clarity on complex and hard to interpret problems. By examining how special education perceive technology integration, assumptions were either refuted or supported. One assumption is teachers who have negative attitudes towards technology integration is due to lack of training. By interviewing special education teachers and analyzing their responses, the lack of training can either be confirmed or removed as a potential main barrier. Miami Dade County is one of the largest when it comes to school districts. To examine qualitatively the effectiveness of technology integration is a great way to see the effectiveness of the schools within the district.
The following questions helped guide this qualitative… Continue Reading...
basis of any innovation effort. One of the questions is: What rules and assumptions characterise my operation in the industry? Every industry is characterised by a set of rules and assumptions that often appear as the universal truth. This could be in relation to the needs of consumers, how industry players fulfil those needs, the interaction between manufacturers, distributors, and retailers, and so forth. McKinney (2012) posits that innovation results from challenging or moving beyond commonly held assumptions as they may not necessarily be the absolute truth. He uses the publishing industry as an example. Until a few decades ago, it was generally… Continue Reading...
Option 1
Assumptions about truth can be dangerous in any research because they can lead to bias shaping the research: a researcher may suffer from confirmation bias, seeking only the type of answers that align with his assumptions (Nickerson, 1998). Objectivity and subjectivity, therefore, are important to consider when conducting research, just as deriving the correct interpretation of the meaning of collected data is important. Objectivity, subjectivity and meaning are interconnected, as both objectivity and subjectivity will feed in to how meaning is understood. Every person is capable of being both objective… Continue Reading...
et al.) examined society and its constructs by unpacking the assumptions and behaviors that were commonplace in society and examining the underlying meaning and raison d’être for the constructs in the first place. In IR, critical theory refers to the critical examination of international relations from the standpoint of identifying the underlying power dynamics that facilitate the expression of those relations. [4: Edmund Short, Forms of curriculum inquiry (SUNY Press, 1991), 245.]
Reflection refers to one’s personal perspective, history and experiences. From an IR point of view it refers to the need to critically reflect on the constructs that we… Continue Reading...
and Insights
Critical thinking does not necessarily come naturally to people, who are subject to biases and prejudicial assumptions. According to Paul & Elder (2016), critical thinking can be learned and mastered. Critical thinking is essential for improving quality of life and promoting best practices in any field. With critical thinking, a person actively seeks answers and solutions to problems, probing multiple points of view and perspectives. Therefore, critical thinking requires open-mindedness and strong communication skills. Critical thinking also requires time and self-discipline, including the painstaking gathering of data, information, and evidence, and picking apart each issue using systematic methods. Rather than being reactive or subjective, critical thinking… Continue Reading...
wide range of evidence-based practice sources to determine what fits into a client's situation and to change their assumptions/approaches in response to the client's situation (Gilgun, 2005). In this regard, social workers utilize research to hypothesize what their clients could be suffering from and the most suitable responses to their clients' situations. Evidence obtained from research are utilized by social workers to continually test and change their assumptions and approaches based on their clients' situations and responses.
Research informs a social worker's application of the steps in the process of evidence-based practice through providing a theoretical foundation that governs his/her approaches. As previously indicated, research provides information that… Continue Reading...
trust, authenticity and virtue among leaders to ensure success.
Today's trends in leadership include ideas about how leaders should assist others to grow. Thus, many assumptions are still made in any leadership discussion -- the main one being that leaders always attempt to "empower others" (Conger, 1989, p.17). Leadership is also defined as the art of "instilling a sense of power" within follower and most leaders in the modern era tend to embody this idea. Another assumption that is made about leadership is that its leaders should possess a number of qualities and characteristics that older societies identified as virtues -- or good habits: characteristics such as truthfulness, honesty, openness, communicative, empathetic (Avolio, Walumbwa, Weber,… Continue Reading...
assumptions can be made about a security system’s utility without that utility ever actually being challenged or tested. It is only through something like a penetration test that the actual merits of a system can be gauged. A penetration test helps to measure the overall comprehensiveness of a system in the face of a real threat.[footnoteRef:5] At the same time, not all employees are going to be security personnel—but they still need to know what to do in the case of an emergency. Training can be costly and time-consuming, and… Continue Reading...
Pinker’s nativism rests on two assumptions. The first assumption aligns with Chomsky’s own research, and has to do simply with the “universal and innate” nature of language syntax (26). The second assumption in Pinker’s theory is that even semantics are innate: a so-called “language of thought” that underlies the outward expressions of language as communication (Levinson 26). Although Pinker’s theory has become prevalent in linguistics, it is not universally accepted. Pinker’s analyses like “Baby Born Talking” also seem more based on anecdotal evidence than on empiricism, which weakens the Pinker point of view.
The alternative… Continue Reading...
