Attenuation Means a Reduction in Term Paper

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Using both at the same energy improved temporal resolution, best used in cardiac imaging. When used at different kilovoltages resulted in material differentiation (Vlahos 2007).

This dual-energy scanner, based on different attenuations and different photon energies will likely be used for pulmonary arterial angiographic and aortic imaging with, potentially, lower contrast volume. It will also likely be used for pulmonary enhancement maps and may possibly eliminate precontrast imaging and reduce radiation exposure (Vlahos 2007).

Utilizing the distinguishing qualities of attenuation, consistency or homogeneity, number and size of tumors found in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scans of lungs and thyroid, pancreas, kidneys, adrenals, liver, and ovaries can be evaluated with training.

Fitton, Steenbakkers, et al. worked on a study of the lymph nodes of 13 patients found to have lung cancer. The data was obtained under free breathing conditions, a protocol was determined for CT/PET registration and a comparison of the image quality of attenuation-corrected PET images using CT images and positron transmission images "in terms of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and lesion-to-background ratio (contrast)" (Fitton 42)

This study found large differences in the attenuation-corrected images using CT and the attenuation-corrected images which used positron transmission, using manual and automatic CT/PET registration and small rotations of less than 1.0 degrees.

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The CT scans had a mean contrast of 16% for lymph nodes. The study found "attenuation correction based on CT provides a better image quality for GTV delineation than when using positron transmission for attenuation correction" (Fitton 48).

In conclusion, attenuation used in ultrasound scans used today can help determine to a higher degree, the image quality of a CT scan. This ability to discern tiny differences has created a dilemma in the medical world, in that now scans show even the smallest cyst and lesion in elderly patients, which may be numerous in some images, making some radiologists wonder if all need to be reported, as they may be insignificant. This was not a problem when scans were not so well-defined by attenuation and dual-energy technology (Kaiser 2007 1).

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