Basics of Project Management

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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY PROJECT Management

A project is "a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service or result" (Schwalbe, 2014, p. 4). A project has a definite beginning and end with a specific objective, and often with minor goals along the way to its main objective. The project ends when its objectives are attained or it is ended. A project can be so small that involves a single person for a single day or it can be so large that involves thousands of people for years. The attributes of a project are so broad that there are probably thousands of projects right now in hundreds of industries. In Information Technology, projects can use hardware, software and networks to achieve its objectives. An IT project can be as small as developing a new software application or tweaking existing internal software or as large as programming a whole new software system. Some types of IT projects are: Google's project to develop a driverless car; a university upgrading its IT system so everyone on campus can have internet access; a company's IT department's development of applications in its internal software for use by its marketing department; and Apple, Inc.'s development of new applications for use on its smartphones.

2. The execution of a project is constrained and limited in various ways. Explain what is meant by the triple constraint.

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The triple constraint on a project consists of: scope; time; and cost (Schwalbe, 2014, pp. 7-8). In order to have a successful project, the project manager is supposed to know all three of these key constraints very well, convey them to the stakeholders and monitor them. Scope means the expected objective, the work that must be done to attain the objective, and all the other functional aspects of a project. Time means the total time it will take to complete the project, the timetables along the way, how teams will track their performances on the timetables and who can alter the timetables. Cost means the amount of money needed to complete the project and includes the costs of resources, labor, risk estimates, bills of materials, etc. These three constraints are present in any project, often compete with each other and adjusting one constraint always affects the other constraints. For example, if the scope of the project becomes greater, then the time and cost of the project will become greater. Sometimes the effects of a change in one constraint on the other two constraints are more complex but the rule of thumb is that changing one constraint will affect the others.….....

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