the issue or area requiring change (Linnell, 2010). Therefore, the cognitive perspective includes both cognitive and behavioral theories because of the link between cognition, emotion, and behavior.
On the other hands, the key characteristics of psychodynamic approach include unconscious drives and experiences and societal influences. An individuals unconscious factors have considerable impacts on his/her behavior through shaping his beliefs, values, and biases. Unconscious psychological processes (including drives and experiences during childhood) are crucial because they dominate activities of the brain. These processes in turn generate biological and neurological drives that influence an individuals perceptions and meanings. Therefore, when an individual is experiencing psychological problems, its important… Continue Reading...
emphasizes the identification of principles to help formulate the most effective management and organizational system. The behavioral theories of management were proposed prior as well as subsequent to World War II, and revolve around the way leaders ought to control and lead employees for achieving improved performance. The theory of management science, which was formulated in the World War II era, has increased in significance with scholars coming up with rigorous quantitative and analytical methods for aiding managers in measuring and controlling corporate performance. Lastly, management theories were also formulated in the 60s and 70s for explaining the impact of external environmental factors on management and… Continue Reading...
century is to identify the needs of a complex and diverse workforce population, wherein generational gaps can cause misunderstandings and cultural differences can lead to resentment.
The proponents of behavioral theories of leadership maintain a popular belief that great leaders are made and not born. This leadership theory illuminates actions of leaders and not their mental qualities or internal states. The theory postulates that people can learn to be leaders through teaching and observation. According to Bass (1990), this is simply done by teaching an individual the most appropriate behavioral response to any given situation. This means that the contemporary leaders, will learn good quality leadership from the current professionals some of which were not in the previous century,… Continue Reading...
is also relevant to the study of bullying (Hawley & Williford, 2015).
Cognitive-behavioral theories also show how each stakeholder processes the information relevant to the bullying, including the decision to bully, the decision to defend, and reactions to the bullying on the part of the victim (Jenkins, Demaray & Tennant, 2017). Emotional intelligence theories and concepts also play into the bullying and the defensive behaviors, relevant to “empathy-related responding,” (Eisenberg, Spinrad & Knafo-Noam, 2015, p. 1). Theories related to self-concept and self-perception and how they influence social status and social support are also used to describe and understand bullying, with possible implications… Continue Reading...
