Biology How Are Glucose, Proteins, Research Paper

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Once in the cells, the glucose is burned in order to create heat and adenosine triphosyphate, (ATP) which is a molecule that stores and releases energy as required by the cell.

The metabolism of glucose into energy happens either in combination with oxygen which is called aerobic metabolism or without it which is called anaerobic metabolism. The oxygen used comes from the mitochondria. Red blood cells do not have mitochondria, so they convert glucose into energy without the use of oxygen, unlike some other cells.

Glucose is also converted to energy inside muscle cells. These are probably the most important energy users. Muscle cells contain mitochondria so they can process glucose with oxygen. Even if the level of oxygen levels in the muscle-cell mitochondria fall too low, the cells can proceed to convert glucose into energy without oxygen.

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The down side is that making glucose into energy without oxygen produces the by-product lactic acid. And too much lactic acid makes a person's muscles ache (How We Turn Glucose into Energy, 2006).

One function of Lipids is that they store energy. Lipids also contain a lot of calories in a small space. Because Lipids are generally insoluble in polar substances such as water, they have to be stored in special ways within the body's cells. Lipids can also work as structural components in the cell. Phospholipids are the main building blocks of cell membranes. Lipids also function as hormones that play a role in regulating metabolism. Most lipids are made up of some sort of fatty acid arrangement. The fatty acids are made up of methylene groups, and are not water soluble (Lipids, n.d.).

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