Black Fly Larvae According to Term Paper

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" They also are capable of spinning a type of thread to anchor themselves and may remain larva through the winter. According to Lyon: "Pupation occurs in a cocoon, open at one end. Adults emerge in two to three days when the water is warm. They are capable of immediate flight and mating. The entire life history spans about four to six weeks, depending on species, water temperature, available food, etc. There may be four generations per year." (Lyon, 2000)

IV. The LARVAE SPINS an UNDERWATER COCOON

According to the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada report entitled "Black Flies (Simullidae)" various species of black fly larvae "may be found in every type of flowing water, from minute seepages in which the flow is scarcely detectable, to the largest rivers and waterfalls. Each species seems to have its preferences for streams of a certain width, velocity, and character; springs and seepages have their own particular black fly species, whereas large rivers and water falls support a different fauna.

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Most species seem rare; in contrast, some are so abundant that their larvae carpet thousands of square meters of river bottom." (Black Fly Larvae, 2003) These larvae may remain in one place however they may also change positions. When the black fly larva is fully grown it then searches for somewhere to spin a cocoon which is a "sac-like or slipper=-shaped structure" and is composed of the salivary secretion or the material that the larvae spins to anchor itself in place. The cocoon is attached to underwater objects and may be even located in the silt on the bottom of the body of water. Prior to the emergence of the adult the pupa becomes filled with gas and then the adult appears and expands its wings and the pupa floats to the surface while be completely "surrounded by this protection film of gas." (Black Fly Larvae, 2003).....

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