California and the U.S. California Term Paper

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Murray, the first wave of Red Scare was characterized by "a nation-wide antiradical hysteria provoked by a mounting fear and anxiety that a Bolshevik revolution in America was imminent -- a revolution that would destroy property, church, home, marriage, civility, and the American way of life."[1] This time of massive scare also generated intense fear of foreigners as most aliens were seen as conspirators. Many alien related laws were passed and massive arrests were made during this time. It was not a good time for immigrants as "the federal government consistently targeted alien radicals, deporting them [...] for their speech or associations, making little effort to distinguish true threats from ideological dissidents."[2] series of bomb explosion targeting Attorney General Palmer led to the controversial Palmer raids in which tens of hundreds of aliens were arrested on one pretext or another. Initially the American public responded in a positive manner and in one of its articles, the Washington Post stated, "There is no time to waste on hairsplitting over infringement of liberty," and similarly the New York Times saw the arrests as "souvenirs of the new attitude of aggressiveness which had been assumed by the Federal agents against Reds and suspected Reds"[3] but praise soon turned to criticism and eventually the scare died down.

But this was not a permanent death. The second wave of Red Scare was seen during late 1940s, which coincided with spying fear from communist states. This was a time when tensions between Soviet Union and America were at its peak and Red scare was again ignited.

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The second wave has also been called McCarthyism because of the influence of Senator McCarthy in turning this fear into full-scale internal war.

G.I. BILL

G.I. Bill of Rights was the last piece of important legislation that formed a part of the New Deal in 1944. The full title of the legislation was Servicemen Readjustment Act of 1944 but was called the GI. Bill since war veterans are referred to as G.I.s. The bill promised returning servicemen one-year unemployment compensation along with training and education they required to return to job market. They were also helped with finding a house and rebuilding their lives. These steps were heralded as one of the most significant measures ever taken by government for returning servicemen. But there was controversy surrounding this bill of rights just like any other piece of legislation. There were some who did not want $20 a week compensation for servicemen since they argued that it would kill their incentive to find a job. Others felt that education and training were not that important for veterans. The reasons behind criticism were many but everyone at least agreed that something needed to be done to allow a smooth transition. This bill was passed keeping in view the problems faced by the war veterans after the First World War when they were given $60 allowance and a train ticket. Nothing was done to make their transition into civilian life easier and smoother. This bill was important since it actually turned the American Dream into a reality for many returning servicemen......

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