Carothers, Courtney. "Equity and Access to Fishing Annotated Bibliography

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Carothers, Courtney. "Equity and Access to Fishing Rights: Exploring the Community Quota Program in the Gulf of Alaska." Human Organization 70.3 (2011): 213- 223. Print.

The article points out that the efforts of the United States and Canada with regard to controlling fishing along the Pacific coast have been produced unfair practices toward small businesses and villages. The primary issue is that tribes that rely on the fishing industry have not been allowed to take the level of fish will fill their needs. The programs currently in place require entities to buy "catch shares" which are supposed to balance the total take and help sustain the fisheries for future use. The author explores alternative means of sustainability that will assist smaller groups while maintaining fish numbers. The suggestions range from allowing community groups to cooperate so that they have a larger stake to buy rights, to supporting new legislation which gives more access to indigenous groups.

Havice, Elizabeth, and Liam Campling. "Shifting Tides in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean Tuna Fishery: The Political Economy of Regulation and Industry Responses." Global Environmental Politics 10.1 (2010): 89-114. Print.

Tuna are a significant industry for some nations located in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean. Due to the importance of this industry, the catch has increased to unsustainable levels in recent years. The goal of this article is to look at methods that can be used to support the economic needs of these communities while also keeping the catch at sustainable levels.

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Studies have reasoned that the primary issue is poor governance of fishing licenses and fishing lanes by Pacific Island nations. However, the authors believe that this scope is too narrow and argue that forces from outside the island governments are more to blame for the poor management of these fisheries.

Kutil, Sarah M. "Scientific Certainty Thresholds in Fisheries Management: A Response to Changing Climate." Environmental Law 41.1 (2011). Web.

Scientists are uncertain how the changing climate will affect the sustainability of fish populations in the Northern Pacific, specifically, and other fisheries also. The author looks at the scientific methods being used to determine whether an area is being overfished and if these methods are based on certainties or not. Since the science behind the rapidity of climate change and its impact is itself uncertain, it is necessary to make sure that the data gathered is sufficient prior to closing fishing areas. The author looks at a recent closing of a large tract of ocean to fishing and tries to determine what scientific principles, if any, were used to determine that this area needed the protection, or whether the reaction was alarmist. The goal of the article is to determine more certain methods for determining if….....

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