Four Case Studies Radiological X Ray Analysis Analysis

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Running Head: RADIOLOGICAL X-RAY ANALYSIS RADIOLOGICAL X-RAY ANALYSIS 9Radiological x-ray analysisIntroductionRadiology has formed the medicine’s major scope, forming the gold standard diagnostic needed to perform surgical interventions.This diagnostic technique uses the technology of imaging the body systems and is used to make prompt treatments. Examinations used under radiology include computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasonography, other related diagnostic criteria. This project focuses on the X-ray as a diagnostic tool in surgical investigations.Posterior to anterior(Bhandary et al., 2020).The mediastinumLeft lungRight lungThe posterior to anterior projection, commonly known as the PA, is an anatomical position used to take x-ray pictures in patients. The x-ray beam passes through the patients’ bodies. The beam of light passing through the patient’s body significantly determines the clarity and the contrast of the image.The patient normally assumes an erect position and upright posture, the markedly raised and shoulders anteriorly rotated to subject the two scapular bones to deflect laterally from the lungs.PA radiograph is taken when the patient stands in a position with his/her anterior chest wall facing towards and closer to the film; the patients is then asked to perform a deep inhalation and hold breath, the beam of x-ray is then passed from the posterior towards the anterior region to distinctively expose the internal anatomical structures under the view on the film. This position brings the heart closer to the film than the anterior-posterior view (Chouhan et al., 2020).The anatomical structures visualized using this position include the lungs, trachea, the diaphragm, the mediastinal area, pleura, soft tissues, and other structures related to the thoracic cavity.The PA radiograph is commonly ordered to investigate the pathologies of the thoracic cavity, which includes; metastatic diseases, chest trauma, enlargement of the superior vena cava, which occurs in congestive heart failure, an aortic aneurysm in the branches, lymphadenopathies, hepatic enlargements, pneumothorax, hemothorax, emphysema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), inflammation within the trachea, stenosis of the trachea, thoracic masses and splenomegaly.The beam of x-ray is usually passed within a distance of six feet from the patient; the patient is asked to sit in an upright position.The x-ray beam’s distance from the patient determines how clearer and sharper the radiograph image will appear.Left lateral chest x-ray(Deftereos et al., 2020). The vertebral columnThe peritoneal spaceThe left lateral chest x-ray is not commonly performed nowadays as a diagnostic modality as it has been substituted for the computed tomography scan (CT). However, some pathological investigations have put the practice into use.The lateral view is usually essential in viewing the structures behind the heart within the retrosternal airspace. Anatomically, space is located between the sternum and the heart. It is taken when the patient is on the left side of the film.This view brings the lesions located just behind the heart’s left side into visibility and the general view of the structures on the thorax’s left side. The anatomical structures under the left lateral view include the aortic arch, scapula, left ventricle of the heart, left atrium, descending aorta, sternal body, inferior vena cava, and the retroperitoneal space.

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…al., 2020).Investigated pathologies include pneumoperitoneum, osteoporosis of the vertebral bones, pott’s disease, fractures of the vertebral and pelvic bones, and displacement of vertebral discs.The orientation and the exposure adjustments make the image clearer and sharper.Lower gastrointestinal tract series(Togo et al., 2019).colonIrritable bowel syndromeDuring this procedure, the patient is placed lying on their right side with their abdomen touching the vertical surface (right decubitus). The beam of rays is projected horizontally to enter the body midline and at the iliac crest level.The medial aspect of the descending colon and the lateral ascending colons are both filled with air.The imaged is obtained by positioning the patient on the examination table; a tube is then inserted through the rectum to deliver barium sulfate and water into the colon. Air may also be pushed into the colon to provide another contrast (Yan et al., 2020).While the imaging is being done, the patient is asked to hold their breath to hold the contrast in place while the procedure is being carried out.The anatomical structures and artifacts visualized using this diagnostic tool are the colon and the rectum.A barium enema is indicted in the investigations of suspected lower gastrointestinal pathologies, which may include; diverticulosis, Hirschsprung disease, sigmoid colon, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, chronic diarrhea, constipation, suspected Gastrointestinal tract bleeding, blood in the stool, benign tumors, metastatic tumors, suspected narrowing along the colon and congenital anomalies.However, this process is contraindicated in patients with colonic perforation and acute abdomen.This process’s accuracy is improved using a higher emission x-ray beam and the distance between the patient and the….....

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