Children and the Revolution: A Term Paper

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She found that this was true, even when a plan was developed for the division of labor so that it was distributed more evenly between both partners. Gjerdingen's study used a time study analysis similar to that used by Craig. Gjerdingen discussed the possibility that cultural differences could have influenced the results. Cultural differences might have influenced Craig's study in a similar manner, but this factor was not mentioned as a potential limitation of the study either.

New Zealand study supports the potential for cultural bias regarding work related gender differences. Else (1997) addressed the same division of labor issue in New Zealand. They found that the gendered division of labor was prevalent in New Zealand society, with the women's work outside of the home having less importance than the men's as far as "breadwinning" is concerned. Else's study found that men's transfer of "household" wages is still considered payment for women's "unpaid" care giving work.

Else's study supports Craig's study in an obscure way. Craig did not address attitudes towards working outside of the home, only the number of hours spent. Else's study found that traditional gender roles were still valid during the time of the sampling of Craig's population. Craig's study found that women were still largely responsible for the childcare responsibilities, whether they worked or not. Working men with children took on a disproportionate amount of the domestic activities. This could be interpreted as a reflection of the attitude that domestic responsibilities are still largely considered women's work.

However, a similar study in the UK found that social conditions were changing to reflect an acceptance of men's need to increase domestic tasks in order to free their wives and alleviate workload stress.

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Joshi (1998) found that men's attitudes regarding their need to redefine roles and responsibilities regarding household activities and child rearing were changing. When one juxtaposes Joshi's study against that of Else and Craig, cultural bias may enter into the analysis. The differences between these two studies could indicate more progressive attitudes towards gender roles in the UK, as opposed to in Australia and New Zealand.

Rout, Cooper & Kerslake (1997) found that employment had positive or neutral effects on women's health. This applied to those with and without children. Working mothers did report that a major source of stress was not having enough time to do everything that needed to be done during the day. Craig's analysis did not address the effects of workload on women; it only addressed the number of hours spent on each task.

Craig's statistical analysis of the data is excellent and relevant to the data set chosen. Craig concluded that women are working harder and longer than men. However, the data set of the study can be questioned as far as relevance in the present decade. Craig's work in the whole of research into increased workload on working mothers, it appears that her work agrees with her peers in regards to the conclusions drawn. Studies by Craig's peers successfully addressed biases that were present in her work. When taken singly, Craig's work does not stand up to academic scrutiny. However, when considered in the body of research as a whole, it validates other studies and supports the conclusion that women's workload increases when they have children and that men are only beginning to take on more of the domestic tasks......

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