China and Urbanization What Are Discussion Chapter

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Moreover, the "Great Leap Forward" was a negative response to "urban-centered planning strategies; and the "Cultural Revolution" involved the "excision of tens of millions of urban educated from the cities" in an effort to "dissipate the new and threatening forces of urban-based elitism" (Kirkby, p. 5).

As to what tasks the government has taken regarding urbanization since 1949, Article 10 of the 1958 law ordered each residence to have a "hukou bu" (permanent registration booklet) designed to "anchor people to their native places," Kirkby writes, and to "prevent unauthorized movement" into cities (p. 25). In 1978 China ushered in an "open policy" which was followed by a big increase in the urbanization. A United Nations University article states that the "regional distribution of the urbanization level I still similar" to what was happening prior to the open policy and economic reforms (http://unu.edu). Why? The provincial variation in the urbanization level in China "is positively related to per capita economic output, industrialization level, and land area," and it is "negatively related to population density" (http://unu.

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edu). Challenges faced by China: a) "Widespread pollution problems and a tidal wave of migration" hitting China's cities; b) "More than 170 cities will need mass transit systems by 2025"; and c) entirely new forms of infrastructure and security frameworks" will be needed (www.asiaone.com).

Options for China as it faces the booming growth of industrial cities: a) a new law requires all buildings to cut energy use by fifty percent; b) keep corruption at a minimum; c) keep the divide between rich and poor as narrow as possible; d) reform the political system so people have what we call "first amendment rights" -- and allow all information to flow freely on the Internet rather than censoring those issues (like the revolution in Egypt) from citizens.

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