Cognitive Development and Language Essay

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Cognitive Development of Infants

Piaget's sensorimotor model provides the stage of cognitive human development showing that human experience consists of four stages of mental or cognitive starting from the first day a child is born to the adulthood. The first stage of human development is referred as the sensorimotor stage that starts at birth and end when a child is 24 months old. After the age of 24 months, a child moves to the operational stage starts when a child is 2 years old through the age of 7. A child moves into the final stage of behavioral and cognitive development at the age of adolescence that spans through adulthood. The objective of this study is to discuss the "six stages of Piaget's sensorimotor development." (Shaffer, & Kipp, 2010 p 253).

Piaget's sensorimotor Development

Piaget identifies the first two years of a child as the "sensorimotor stage of development." (Shaffer, & Kipp, 2010 p 253). However, the following are six sub-stages of a child development:

1. Simple reflexes

2. primary circular reactions and first habits

3. Secondary circular reactions

4. A coordination of infant's secondary circular reactions

5. Curiosity, novelty and tertiary circular reactions, and

6. Internalization of schemes

Piaget points out that in the first month of a child's birth, a child displays actions through reflexive behaviors and coordinating sensation. At this stage, the infant develops behaviors, which are the absence of his reflexive stimuli.

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For example, sucking by simply seeing a bottle. This is an evidence that a child is structuring experience and initiating an acting in the first month of his life. Although, the infant is not able to differentiate himself from other objects.

In the sub-stage between 1 and 4 months, infants develop first habits where the reflexes are more coordinated and refined. Piaget argues that a child is able to acquire feeling at this stage. The primary circular reaction of the child is based on an attempt to reproduce pleasurable or interesting event, which occurs by chance. Moreover, an infant is able to understand his movement in relations with other objects.

At sub-stage of between 4 and 8 months, infants become a focus and object-oriented of the world trying to move beyond preoccupation coupled with self-sensorimotor interactions. At this stage, infants attempt to imitate physical gestures and simple actions of others. Piaget points out that a child is showing an observable intelligent with reference to the environment.

At the age of 8 through 12 months, several changes occur in child's behaviors that include coordination of intentionality and schemes. Moreover, infants combine previously learned behaviors into a coordinated way. A child also learns to demonstrate an intention to achieve a goal at this stage.

The fifth sub-stage of infants is between 12 and 15 months with characteristics of behaviors that are intentional with regards to interaction with objects......

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