Correlational, and Experimental Research Methods. Term Paper

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Some descriptive observation can even be unethical, if the subjects are unaware of the fact they are being observed.

Historical research is similar to descriptive research in that it cannot, by virtue of its retrospective nature, affect the variables in question under tightly controlled conditions. A historian may examine historical or past trends in a descriptive or comparative way, and test a hypothesis by examining different types of data, like marital trends in 20th century America, for example, to see if people were marrying older or younger than in previous eras (Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods, 2004, AllPsych).

A correlational method of research attempts determine if a relationship exists between two variables. Unlike experimental research, which attempts to make assumptions about cause and effect, correlational research assesses the strength of a relationship (Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods, 2004, AllPsych).

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It can be useful for describing behavior and for suggesting causal hypotheses that could be tested in experiments. Correlations can be positive or negative, such as the fact that there may be a positive correlation between a low fat-diet and low rates of heart disease (Mitchell, 2007). But correlation does not mean causation, as it might be that people with low rates of heart disease are also more affluent and have more access to exercise facilities, as well as have a greater tendency to avoid fast food that is high in fat.

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