Federal and State Court Authority
The federal court system was founded by the United States Constitution and derives its authority from that document. The establishment of the federal court system is specifically derived from Article II which created the institution of the Supreme Court, the highest law in the land, and also permitted Congress to establish a system of lower courts. At present, there are 94 district level trial courts and 13 courts of appeal (“Court Role,” 2018). The state courts derive their power from the state constitutions directly, although state authority does not supersede that of… Continue Reading...
appointment. Its powers are weak, limited, and rarely exercised, unlike the Irish court system. The Irish judiciary’s power, role, and purpose in government is similar to the United States Supreme Court in that it provides a formal check on the power of the legislative and executive branches of government. Both Ireland and the United Kingdom favor a common law method of judicial proceedings, rather than relying on statute-based law.
Structurally, Irish and British governments share some elements in common but with key distinctions. The House of Lords is a relic of the past, its members undemocratically selected, representing the aristocracy or the… Continue Reading...
part of the government, allowing for the prosecution, imprisonment, and rehabilitation of criminals. Apart from the court system and police, the criminal justice system has other components like criminal justice agencies that provide additional information for researchers to form studies and articles to help improve the criminal justice system as a whole. This Criminal Justice Essay will help students looking to understand what the system is and what components make up the system. By exploring the core of the criminal justice system, one can understand law and how the government carries out enforcement of the law within the country.
Titles
What is at the Core of… Continue Reading...
can be processed through a civilian federal court system, or through the military court system involving a tribunal. Even within this bifurcated system, terrorist trials have tremendous heterogeneity. For example, four terrorist trials involving suspects from the same 2014 Benghazi attack took place in four separate federal courthouses (Greenberg, 2017). Because federal prosecutors can also keep much of the information related to the terrorist trials, including subsequent court records, classified due to national security, there is often little in the way of oversight or even “notice” for the general public—raising questions about government transparency in the two-court… Continue Reading...
has a high number of private investigation agencies with government-run investigative efforts concentrated in London. England's police force and court system operate on a tiered level with various sub agencies working under a main agency (Barton & Johns, 2013). The next sections will describe in more detail, what similarities and differences England/Wales, the United States, and Norway have regarding their respective criminal justice systems.
Courts
The tiered system of the courts is seen in the United States, Norway, and England/Wales. The main differences however, is the focus on certain areas and the means of labeling specific government agencies/bodies. For example, both Norway and the United States have a Supreme… Continue Reading...
.....controversy of establishing a court system at the creation of the U.S. Constitution centered on the power struggle between states and the creation of a federal, central government with its own court and ability to overrule state court decisions. The Constitution pitted Federalists against Anti-Federalists. The former wanted a central government that acted as the top force over all the states; the latter wanted no central government -- because, after all, the Revolutionaries had just fought a war against a king -- why should they turn around and elect a new one? The idea… Continue Reading...
criminal justice process. The components include the law enforcement agencies, prosecution, the court system, defense attorneys and correction centers (Purpura, 1997)
There are several significant steps in a felony criminal process beginning form reporting of crime to the conviction of the offender. The sequence of events can be subclassified into entry into the system (report, investigation, and arrest), Prosecution (Charging, Arraignment, Preliminary Hearing) Adjudication (Trials) and Post Trial (Sentencing, Appeal) (National Center for Victims of Crime, 2019; Frances & Nicholas, 2011)
1. Reporting Crime
The criminal justice process begins with reporting of an alleged crime to the law enforcement agency in a… Continue Reading...
justice system were the ones who pushed for a distinct court system for the treatment of juveniles, with the underlying notion being that these young people could potentially be helped and reformed. “Central to the concept of juvenile court was the principle of parens patriae. This meant that instead of lawyers fighting to decide guilt or innocence, the court would act as a parent or guardian interested in protecting and helping the child” (yale.edu, 2000). These reforms were novel at the time, and helped to enact changes such as closed hearings for juveniles, informal proceedings and the separation of child… Continue Reading...
participants, for example in a supply chain contract, do not need to rely on determining legal jurisdiction in a dispute, nor about the costs of dispute resolution through a single court system. The blockchain serves as evidence of a contract and disputes go on the record of the participant.
Smart Contracts
One of the most promising uses for blockchain technology is the smart contract. Smart contracts are a way of utilizing a blockchain to cut out the intermediaries in a contract, such as lawyers (Rosic, 2016). Smart contracts are standardized forms of contracts. Once signed, the contracts are stored on the blockchain as a means of making them official and binding, through the consensus mechanisms. The contract can determine for… Continue Reading...
validity, although they too have been challenged in the court system.
References
Cherry, K. (2018). The big five personality traits. Very Well Mind. Retrieved from:
https://www.verywellmind.com/the-big-five-personality-dimensions-2795422
Furnham, A. (2015). Can you really test someone for integrity? Fortune. Retrieved from:
http://fortune.com/2015/08/11/hiring-integrity-test/
When should interviews be used in a multi-hurdle selection process? Are structured interviews best? Why or why… Continue Reading...
job as author to defend utilize the court system to defend my property rights. If I choose not to, then that is my choice, and the state should never intervene in my right to choose if and when I want to defend my intellectual property rights.
There are several arguments to be made against the use of digital rights management technology. First, most obviously, is that a third party that/who did not participate in the creation of the work shouldn't have property rights to it – if you didn't create it, it's not yours. Why this is… Continue Reading...
facts of the case. This can lead to major problems for the defendant and the court system as defendants try to convince juries of unethically extracted confessions. While many in the criminal justice system believe, a false confession is a rare occurrence, research suggests it is a far more pervasive problem than imagined.
If one were to look at false confessions via the lens of cognitive dissonance, one can see that certain perceptions may lead one to attempt to maintain a belief regardless of potential evidence going against such a perspective. That can often lead to actions committed to 'catch the culprit' without considering the… Continue Reading...
