Dependent Variable and Pain Research Proposal

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Ameen Masoudi

Combination Therapeutic Exercises with Manipulation for Reliving

Pain and Increasing Range of Motion for Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain

The lumbar spine is composed of the vertebrae as well as the ligaments beside the discs, nerves and muscles. This area is a common source of pain. This is one of reasons why people visit their physicians. Around seventy percent of people who live in advanced countries will have lower back pain at some point. Each year, approximately half of adult population present with low back pain and five percent of these patients see a clinician when a new episode occurs. Out of this population, ten percent still cannot work and twenty percent have persistent pain for a year.

Rationale:

There is no study combining these two interventions so we may have superior results if we combined both therapeutic and manipulation because therapeutic exercise and manipulation are the most effective and also the most the essential choice for treating non-specific chronic low back pain.

Purpose of the study:

The purpose of the present study is to assess the effectiveness of manipulations with therapeutic exercises on pain, ROM and function with chronic non-specific low back pain. It is a golden opportunity for the researchers to make RCT's study or the clinician to make case study by using therapeutic exercise and manipulation for non-specific chronic low back pain.

Method:

A total number of fifty subjects from both sexes aged between 40 -- 70 years diagnosed with non-specific chronic low back pain participated in this study.

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The inclusion criteria are chronic low back pain patients with or without radiation not less than three months duration and history of slow, insidious onset of pain. The age of our patients should be between 40 to 70 years. Nature of pain-aching pain, feeling of heaviness in legs, intermittent burning, or numbness. In this study we will use a prospective repeated-measures design to determine the efficacy of two interventions during a six-week program. Every measurement was taken two times: at baseline level (pretest) and after the last session of intervention. We will use a visual analog scale (VAS) 11-pointscale (0-10) to find the differences between the groups. Our Participants will be recruited from the Department of physical Therapy Clinic, Andrews University. Our Participants will be recruited from the Department of Physical Therapy Clinic, Andrews University. All subjects will be tested using pretest measurements, which included calculation of spinal range of motion measurement as per the modified Schober's test, functional disability measurement, using the Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire, and average VAS at rest and while active.

Procedures:

The independent variable is manipulation for the lower therapeutic exercises. The dependent variables of this study are spinal range of motion measurement, functional disability measurement, and VAS (Visual Analogue Scale). In this study we will use a prospective repeated-measures design to determine the efficacy of two interventions during a six-week program. Group I is the patient….....

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