Diabetes Mellitus Is One of Research Proposal

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The symptoms are similar but type 2 can be more insidious as it is more commonly undiagnosed and could possibly have been prevented with early intervention lifestyle changes. Pain and reduced circulation in the extremities and/or long-term vision loss can also occur in type 2 as does permanent nerve damage in the eyes and extremities. Dependency on insulin is present in type 1 while in type 2 other pharmacological options and even simple lifestyle and diet changes can often suffice in the early stages of the disease, though many type 2 diabetics eventually become insulin dependant. (Clark, 2004, p. 4)

Risk Factors

Ethnic minorities such as black, Asian, Pacific Islanders and Hispanic populations are more commonly effected by type 2 diabetes and type 1 diabetes but there is an increase in the Caucasian population. People who get type 2 diabetes are frequently overweight or obese, sedentary and can have other chronic diseases and disorders (such as high blood pressure of cardiovascular disease) as a result of or in conjunction with diabetes. (Orth-Gomer, Chesney & Wenger, 1998, p. 4) Type 1 diabetes has a genetic connection that is not completely understood.

Health Assessment Strategies

Health assessment strategies to identify diabetes include testing an individual for all of the risk factors, either through self report of medical data and taking single blood glucose tests. If blood glucose levels are above 100 and the individual has not recently eaten anything sweet it would then be recommended that a fasting blood glucose level be completed, where the individual goes without eating for 12 hours and then takes a glucose test. Again if this test is above 100 a glucose tolerance test is done where an individual drinks a dose of glucose and is then tested every hour until a normal functioning individual would have processed the glucose (4 hours).

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Anyone at risk for diabetes should be screened at least once a year to make sure the disease has not become present in the individual.

Primary and Tertiary Non-Pharmacological Prevention Strategies

Diabetes prevention often revolves around teaching young people about the importance of eating right and staying active as a means of primary prevention, though type 1 diabetes seems to have little if any prevention scenario. Tertiary prevention involves teaching those who are already at risk better behaviors to challenge the development of type 2 diabetes onset. Gestational diabetes is now routinely screened for in traditional prenatal care.

Conclusion

Diabetes Mellitus is a serious social concern as individuals with it are functionally challenged, regardless of the type of disease. The costs to individuals, communities and families is great, in both direct an indirect ways and managing diabetes is an essentially trying personal challenge. Some rise to the challenge while others succumb to bad habits and veracious disease. An estimated death toll from diabetes in the U.S. is over 200,000 per year and may be even greater due to the fact that many people die of complications that can be linked to other disorders which where exacerbated by diabetes. (ADA Website "The Dangerous Toll…" http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-statistics/dangerous-toll.jsp).....

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