Disabilities Students With Reading Disabilities Term Paper

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This is particularly true for students with learning disabilities. Secondary students' reading performance reaches a plateau during their high school years, and it is clear that the performance gap between their abilities and what they are expected to do widens (Mock, 2003). Adolescents who lack basic literacy skills need intensive, focused, sustained instruction to help them catch up with their peers.

Conclusion

Reading disabilities are life long; however, the effects may be mitigated to support learning, living, and earning, particularly when identified early and dealt with effectively. Language acquisition with phonemic awareness correlates to learning to read, plus it is an accurate predictor of reading success. Furthermore, it is important to identify reading disabilities early so that effective intervention strategies are employed. High school students are in a transitional phase and without the necessary scaffolding support and tools to enhance self-efficacy, young adults will have challenges to becoming self-sustaining. Hence, their success is based on the fundamental skills of reading, which in turns affect writing abilities. Developing literacy skills is an achievement that, once accomplished, will benefit a person throughout his or her lifetime (Bowman & Trainman, 2004).

Exhibit A

(American School Counselor Association, 2012)

A teenager's development can be divided into three stages -- early, middle, and late adolescence. The normal feelings and behaviors of adolescents for each stage are described below.

Early Adolescence

12-14 years

Movement Toward Independence

Struggle with sense of identity

Moodiness

Improved abilities to use speech to express oneself

More likely to express feelings by action than by words

Close friendships gain importance

Less attention shown to parents, with occasional rudeness

Realization that parents are not perfect; identification of their faults

Search for new people to love in addition to parents

Tendency to return to childish behavior

Peer group influences interests and clothing styles

Increasing c

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areer interests

Mostly interested in present and near future

Greater ability to work

Sexuality

Girls ahead of boys

Shyness, blushing, and modesty

More showing off

Greater interest in privay

Worries about being normal

Ethis and Self-Diretion

Rule and limit testing

Oasional experimentation with igarettes, marijuana, and alohol

Capaity for abstrat thought

Middle Adolesene

15-16 years

Movement Toward Independene

Self-involvement, alternating between unrealistially high expetations and poor self-onept

Complaints that parents interfere with independene

Extremely onerned with appearane and with one's own body

Feelings of strangeness about one's self and body

Lowered opinion of parents, withdrawal from them

Effort to make new friends

Strong emphasis on the new peer group

Periods of sadness as the psyhologial loss of the parents takes plae

Examination of inner experienes, whih may inlude writing a diary

Career Interests

Intelletual interests gain importane

Some sexual and aggressive energies direted into reative and areer interests

Sexuality

Conerns about sexual attrativeness

Frequently hanging relationships

Tenderness and fears shown toward opposite sex

Feelings of love and passion

Ethis and Self-Desription

Development of ideals and seletion of role models

More onsistent evidene of onsiene

Greater apaity for setting goals

Interest in moral reasoning

Late Adolesene

17-19 years

Movement Toward Independene

Firmer identity

Ability to delay gratifiation

Ability to think ideas through

Ability to express ideas in words

More developed sense of humor

Stable interests

Greater emotional stability

Ability to make independent deisions

Ability to ompromise

Pride in one's work

Self-reliane

Greater onern for others

Career Interests

More defined work habits

Higher level of onern for the future

Thoughts about one's role in life

Sexuality

Conerned with serious relationships

Clear sexual identity

Capaities for love

Ethis and Self-Diretion

Capable of useful insight

Stress on personal dignity and self-esteem

Ability to set goals and follow through

Aeptane of soial institutions and ultural traditions.....

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