Diverse Populations and Analysis Research Paper

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Melanogaster Stubble Gene

The author of this scientific report has been asked to offer a thorough review of the stubble gene if a D. melanogaster. Items that will be covered will be a brief overview of the stubble gene, an introduction to the gene, the basic biological process when it comes to the gene, the phenotypic characteristics of the gene, the mode of inheritance of the gene, at least two mutant forms of the gene, the possible chromosomal effects of the gene, the molecular characteristics of the gene and any conclusions that can be drawn from the above. While some may not be interested in the stubble gene in question, some of its attributes and behaviors are quite fascinating and intriguing.

Analysis

Introduction of Gene

First off, the fly in question when it comes to all of this analysis can more easily be referred to as the fruit fly. This is the layman term for D. melanogaster. The symbol for the gene in question is Dmel/sb. As the introduction might suggest, the name of the gene is Stubble and it is a protein coding gene according to the Flybase database. It is also commonly referred to as sbd and Sb-sbd. According to the gene snapshot part of the Flybase record, there is not enough data to summarize the gene's function, at least as of June 30th, 2016. The gene belongs to the peptidase S1 family. The cellular components of the gene in question include a membrane and a plasma membrane, as offered by the Flybase record of the gene. The stubble mutation refers to bristles that are not as long as they normally are on a fruit fly. They are also wider and thicker than with a normal fruit fly.

The strains and variations of the gene are common and easy to find. Indeed, a study done as far back as 1988 used more than one hundred variations and strains of the gene. In that instance, they were tested for the absence or presence of P-Element sequences. This was verified using molecular probes. The timeline of the strains was more than half a century, sixty years, in total. These molecular characteristics as observed in the strains has led to the conclusion that the P-Element status and structure of the genes have changed decidedly over the years in the form of an "invasion" and this has manifested all over the world including in Europe, Africa and the rest of the world as well (Anxolabhere, Kidwell & Periquet, 1988).

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The above covers the basic attributes and facets of the gene in question. Now that this is out of the way, other interesting things can be covered as well. When it comes to the topology of the subcellular facets of the gene in question, there is the topological domain, the transmembrane and another topological domain. The former of those two topological domains is the cytoplasmic area. The latter of the two is the extracellular area. The intermediate transmembrane is helical in nature and is a signal-anchor or the type II membrane protein. The amino acid modifications that are present in the fly include a couple of disulfide bonds, four in total, and two glycosylation parts (Uniprot, 2016).

An NIH study that has come out over the years was actually updated this past May. The data they used in their summary is straight from the aforementioned Flybase repository. As explained in other sources, the gene in question is a protein coding gene. Its lineage includes a number of different notable classes and strata and these include eukaryote, sophophora, ephydroidea, Diptera, Neoptera, Hexapoda, Metazoa, among others (NIH, 2016). Beyond that, there are other genes within the Flybase and other data collections that are quite similar to the one being focused on in this report. For example, there is a stubble gene under the D. pseudoobscura realm (Flybase, 2016).

Biological Process & Attributes

As for the biological attributes and parts of the gene, there are a couple of things going on. One important thing to look at are the protein features of the gene. These include a peptidase S1/PA clan, a Peptidase S1A/chymotrypsin family, a serine protease/trypsin domain, a serine protease/trypsin family with a serine active site. The overall molecular function of the gene is within the serine-type endopeptidase activity realm (Flybase, 2016).

Mode of Inheritance

A study by Colby College explains a few things that are relevant when it comes to the subject being covered in this report. First, it is common for fruit flies to be studied in lab situations due to the massive amount of genetic variations and mutations that occur. Indeed, the "mis-expression" of genes with fruit flies are quite common and are easy to study and replicate over time. The fruit fly has four sets of chromosomes. These sets….....

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