DNA, Which to Some of Term Paper

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In 1866, Mendel discovered that there are "recessive" and "dominant" traits in plants, paving the way for understanding how genes work in predictable ways, and plowing the ground for later science, although his work wasn't "discovered" until 1900. In 1944, three scientists at the Rockefeller Institute in New York discovered that DNA is the carrier of the genetic information within the body.

In the early 1950s, scientists were by now aware that DNA was genetic material and that is was an acid made up of sugars, phosphate groups, and "equally matches bases," the Dolan center points out. That was all well and good, but the big question remained: WHAT WAS NATURE'S GENETIC CODE?

The man most responsible for "breaking the genetic code" was MARSHALL NIRENBERG in 1961; but "breaking it" (or identifying it) was only part of the puzzle. And then in 1965, NIRENBERG (working at the National Institutes of Health in Washington, D.C.) was credited with "mapping" the genetic code for DNA. Mapping is basically understanding the logic of the code, how it works, how to read it, why it is logical; and for his hard work, along with two other scientists, NIRENBERG won the 1968 NOBEL PRIZE in PHYSIOLOGY or MEDICINE.

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CONCLUSION

DNA science is an enormously helpful tool in the criminal justice system. In Manchester England last week fifty-year-old Russell Bradbury admitted that he had raped a woman in October, 1986; DNA forensic science linked him indisputably to the felony, and when confronted, he confessed (www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk).Meanwhile, DNA evidence has proven that a security guard in Mexico, Blas Delgado Fajardo, was not the man who slashed the throats of a couple from Toronto (Song, 2006). And there are many, many stories of convicted killers and rapists being freed because new DNA technologies prove they were innocent; two men in New York, Alan Newton and Scott Fapiano, spent more than 40 years in prison for sexual assaults they didn't commit, according to WNYC, New York Public Radio (Mogul, 2006).

One can only surmise and speculate at the number of men (and perhaps women) who were put to death for crimes they DID NOT commit, because there was no DNA science available at the time of their unfortunate demise. Twenty? A hundred? Thousands? It chills the soul. But it also provides a good reason for all of us to learn all we can about DNA and its implications for the living and the.....

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