Effect of Abraham Accord on Iran Research Paper

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Future Challenges in the Middle EastIntroductionIn spite of the Abraham Accords and the hopeful tone they represent in the Middle East, challenges remain. One challenge in particular is that of acceptance of the UAE’s new position with regards to Israel. While some Arabs are open to and supportive of the UAE’s decision to formalize ties with Israel, many other Arabs reject this development as a betrayal of the Palestinian cause. They continue to see Israel as a threat, based on past actions. They are unwilling to let go of the past to turn the page. This is seen in angry demonstrations like the ones recently held in Jordan (Al Bawaba, 2021). The other challenge comes from Iran. Iran has long been in a position of hostility with respect to Israel and the UAE. It has ties with Hamas and Hezbollah, and has supported Assad in Syria. Iran has made no secret of its dislike of Israel. For Arab states seeking ties with Israel, Iran remains an issue. What will Iran do if more Arab states turn to Israel for friendly relations?Reputation of the UAE in the Arab WorldThe UAE’s reputation in the Arab world may suffer initially from the Abraham Accords. Already protests are being seen, as citizens of Arab states respond to the increasing ties and collaboration between Israel and the UAE. For instance, Al Bawaba (2021) reports that “activists started an ‘open protest’ in the Amman Interior Circle against the recent agreement signed between Jordan, Israel and the United Arab Emirates on the latest ways to increase cooperation in the fields of energy and electricity.” The news the joint agreement and letter of intent signed among these states fueled some anger among students in Jordan: “news of the agreement sent protests among student bodies in Aal Al Bayt and Al Hashimiyah universities against the new accord. Students at the University of Jordan also protested at the main university campus” (Al Bawaba, 2021). This kind of protest indicates that the Arab population in some Arab states—such as Jordan—is not open to the deal that the UAE has made with Israel. Jordan has had a semblance of a relationship with Israel in the past, but the UAE’s new deal has created an opportunity for other Arab states to follow suit. The only problem is that Arabs in other Arab states do not think very highly of Israel in most cases. For this reason, the UAE’s reputation in the Middle East may take a substantial blow—at least for the time being, as people process what is happening.However, the UAE has enjoyed a favorable reputation in the Middle East. In fact, it has been ranked as the most reputable country in the Middle East as recently as 2018 (EMIC, 2018). The UAE’s “national economy is in a ‘strong position’ and stands at ‘high readiness’ for the future,” according to the UAE Media Office (The National, 2021). Since COVID struck the world, the UAE has taken steps to fortify its economic outlook, which has only given it more strength in the eyes of other nations: “The UAE has spent billions of dirhams in economic stimulus measures to support businesses since the Covid-19 outbreak began last year. Business activity in the non-oil private sectors of the Arab world’s second-biggest economy continued to improve in October, boosted by the easing of Covid-19 restrictions, a rise in tourism and increased spending amid the economic recovery” (The National, 2021).

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Its economy, its growth, and its willingness to work with other states have shown that it is a leader in the Arab world. In fact, the UAE’s reputation is high…

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…of the Arab world: it refuses to accept Israel as a valid neighbor. Some members of Arab states, such as in Jordan, feel the same. But other members of Arab states—like those in the UAE are willing to move on from the past and accept Israel on an equal footing. They see the benefits of working with Israel towards mutually beneficial aims. If some of the people of Iran feel the same, they will need to make their voices heard—but for the time being Iran’s leaders appear deaf to such calls: they are insistent that Iran be able to develop nuclear power and that Israel be viewed as the enemy. Iran is currently still under sanctions from the US and talks to restart the nuclear program have stalled again and again since the Trump Administration. Iran could be a wrench in the works of the Middle East peace that the UAE is trying to develop. But at the same time, the UAE is seen as moving closer to Israel out of fear for Iran. So what is needed, perhaps, is more dialogue and diplomacy on all sides so that Iran can feel more integrated and safe in the Middle East, and so that its attitude can be changed with regards to Israel.ConclusionThe Abraham Accords have marked an important turning point in the Middle East, but challenges remain. Many Arabs are still skeptical of the UAE and its new ties with Israel, while others support the move. There is also the issue of Iran and what it may do in the face of formalization. Feeling isolated in the Middle East, Iran could become more desperate—and that could lead to more tension and conflict. The future may be bright for the Middle East, but challenges certainly remain with respect to old cultural biases….....

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