Elaboration Model There Is a Gender Difference Term Paper

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Elaboration Model

There is a gender difference in attitudes toward spending too much money on halting crime rate.

There is a gender difference in attitudes toward spending too much money on law enforcement.

There is a direct relationship between amount spend on halting crime rate and amount spent on law enforcement.

There is a gender differencet in attitudes toward spending too much money on halting crime rate that is directly moderated by amount spent on law enforcement.

Control Variable Question

100) We are faced with many problems in this country, none of which can be solved easily or inexpensively. I'm going to name some of these problems, and for each one I'd like you to tell me whether you think we're spending too much money on it, too little money, or about the right amount. E. Law enforcement (NATCRIMY).

QUESTION 3 -- Please refer respective chart and table

Table 3-1: Descriptive Table

Statistics

NATCRIMY

N

Valid

Missing

Std. Error of Mean

.01648

Std. Deviation

1.15403

Range

9.00

Minimum

.00

Maximum

9.00

Table 3-2: Frequency Table For NATCRIMY

NATCRIMY

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Valid

.00

49.4

49.4

49.4

1.00

25.1

25.1

74.5

2.00

19.4

19.4

94.0

3.00

5.1

5.1

99.1

8.00

43

.9

.9

9.00

2

.0

.0

Total

b.

A histogram (interval or ratio interval) that graphically shows the distributions

Chart 3.-1: Histogram Graph For NATCRIMY

QUESTION 4 -- RECODE NATCRIMY

In order to have a meaningful representation those "Inapplicable, Don't Know and No Answer" had been recode to 4 and 5. Because of this, now the observation dispersion is scattered among 5 conditions from 6 conditions.

Table 4-1: Descriptive Statistics

Recode NATCRIMY

N

Valid

Missing

0

Mean

3.30

Median

4.00

Mode

5

Std. Deviation

1.759

Range

4

Minimum

1

Maximum

5

Table 4-2: Frequency Recode NATCRIMY

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Valid

1

25.1

25.1

25.1

2

19.4

19.4

44.6

3

5.1

5.1

49.7

4

45

.9

.9

50.6

5

49.4

49.4

Total

Chart 4 -- 1: Histogram Chart For Recode NATCRIMY

QUESTION 5

Table 5-1: DESCRIPTIVESTATISTICS

NATCRIMY

Recode NATCRIMY

N

Valid

Missing

0

0

Mean

.8674

3.30

Median

1.0000

4.00

Mode

.00

5

Std. Deviation

1.15403

1.759

Range

9.00

4

Minimum

.00

1

Maximum

9.00

5

TABLE 5- 2: FREQUENCY TABLE FOR NATCRIMY

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Valid

.00

49.4

49.4 49.4

1.00

25.

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1

25.1

74.5

2.00

19.4

19.4

94.0

3.00

5.1

5.1

99.1

8.00

43

.9

.9

9.00

2

.0

.0

Total

TABLE 5-3: FREQUENCY TABLE FOR RECODE NATCRIMY

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Valid

1

25.1

25.1

25.1

2

19.4

19.4

44.6

3

5.1

5.1

49.7

4

45

.9

.9

50.6

5

49.4

49.4

Total

a.

In term of levels of measurement, mode, standard deviation and range had shown a significant difference with Mode, measurement shows a significant change from 0.0 to 5. Since most of the "Inapplicable, Don't Know and No Answer" had been recoded to 4 and 5, the Range for variables before and after recode is represented by a difference of 5 (which explains why Mode is 5).

Chart 5-1: Histogram Table For NATCRIMY

CHART 5-2: HISTOGRAM TABLE FOR RECODE NATCRIMY

b.

In terms of frequency of distribution, since 50% of the results were recoded, frequency for each response also drops by 50%. This is evidence in term of cumulative percentage. For example Categories 1 for NATCRIMY before recode cumulative percentage is 74.5 but after recode 25.1.

c.

mode, median and mean had shown a significant difference after recode. Mode measurement showed a significance change from 0 to 5 as mentioned earlier. Mean for before recode is shown as 0.8 but after recode mean is 3.0. This indicates that categories 4 and 5 which had been recorded contributes toward 3 times the whole mean of population.

d.

Standard deviation recode is recorded at 1.2 but after recode close to 1. This indicates the dispersion of the finding had been spread further as a result of regrouping certain observation under new observation categories.

QUESTION 6

a.

Cross-tabulation between Independent Variable vs. Dependent Variable.

Case Processing Summary

Cases

Valid

Missing

Total

N

Percent

N

Percent

N

Percent

Recode NATCRIME * SEX

0

0.0%

Recode NATCRIME * SEX Cross tabulation

Count

SEX

Total

1.00

2.00

Recode NATCRIME

1

2

3

94

59

4

21

45

66

5

Total

Chi-Square Tests

Value

df

Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)

Pearson Chi-Square

61.392a

4

.000

Likelihood Ratio

61.090

4

.000

Linear-by-Linear Association

10.196

1

.001

N of Valid Cases

a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 28.70.

Symmetric Measures

Value

Approx. Sig.

Nominal by Nominal

Phi

.112

.000

Cramer's V

.112

.000

N of Valid Cases.....

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