Establishment of Higher Education in Relation to Essay

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establishment of Higher Education in relation to accreditation begin in the early 19th century as the United States and other countries saw a need to regulate various fields of academic study. The earliest accrediting was forged from the need to develop credit transfer and degree equivalents among countries. Another reason that accreditation was needed is "to protect public health and safety and to serve the public interest" according to (ACICS, 2012). Faculty has played a role that has changed over time. There are basic processes involved in accreditation. One being peer assessment and evaluation primarily handled by Higher educational institutions and also third party agencies. The regulatory oversight is the process of promoting legislation at the state and federal level to determine policies of managing the accreditation process.

One of the earliest agencies to provide regulation of accreditation was the National Association for Accredited Commercial Schools in 1912. This was a nationwide network of 23 career-based schools for private institutions (ACICS, 2012). The main tenet was to create a standardized accrediting standard for determining the level of education required for various vocations. The American Council of Education formed a few years later in 1918 was also a national organization that worked to reduce the redundant efforts of the various standards and strived for regulation of national standardization. As more schools were established, the need for a level criterion policy became more apparent. As institutions for Higher Learning came online the federal government realized it was necessary to track the institutions that met the national accreditation guidelines and ensure they remained in compliance. One of these was the U.S. Secretary of Education that generated the first database or list of institutions that had received accreditation in 1952 (ACICS, 2012).

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According to the federal agency, the private agencies were best able to evaluate Higher Educational institutions and felt their responsibility was only to ensure continuance of such accrediting associations The Higher Education Act of 1956 is under Congress authority and is the main regulatory body of accreditation in the U.S. The most recent review and changes to this federal regulatory standards was in 2008 under the Higher Educational Opportunity Act

There are two basic types of accreditation, mainly institutional and specialized, also called programmatic. Institutional accreditation is based on the university meeting the requirements given by an accrediting agency. The agency conducts an audit of sorts on the administration, academic curriculum, and student success of the college. Producing a report that is quite far reaching and intrusive of all of the college internal and external business from finance to student services (WorldWideLearn, 2012). The school receiving an excellent rating from such an accrediting agency is perceived as a leader in the field of education among other institutions.

The specialized or programmatic accrediting process is relegated to professional specialty programs within an already accredited institution (WorldWideLearn, 2012). The specialties are generally associated with a niche field of education within a broader discipline. An example would be in the field of engineering, a specialized course of automotive engineering, or computer engineering. At this point a licensing board may require further academic study within a discipline to achieve acceptable accreditation within the specialized area. Other field where this is apparent are areas of nursing, law, and even education (AAUP, 2012).

Some of the actions of the various agencies involve use of faculty to unite accreditation processes such as peer review assessment and continuous improvement processes.

Some examples of roles faculty.....

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