Ethnic Conflict Why Is Nationalism Research Paper

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For example, the conflict in former Yugoslavia is often studied as a case of ethnic conflict, and the Serbian atrocities against Bosnians is usually described as "ethnic cleansing." But Serbs, Croatians, and Bosnians "are all South Slavs, sharing a common ethnic origin and speaking basically the same language: Serbocroatian" (Perlmutter). Serbs and Croatians share the same religion as well (with different denominations), while Bosnians, with the exception of their Muslim identity, have experienced a shared history with the other two. And all three are former Communists. Nevertheless, all three groups have identified themselves as different ethnicities during the conflict in the 1990s.

Dominique Moisi (2007) argues that, in addition to the problem of clash of civilizations, the world today faces a clash of emotions. There is a culture of fear, displayed by the West, of foreign nationals, of losing the identity in a complex world, of losing their economic power, and of being ruled by foreigners (the latter, in the case of Europe). "What unites all these fears," Moisi argues, "is a sense of loss of control over one's territory, security, and identity -- in short, one's destiny.

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" While Europeans try to deal with their fear through escapism and appeasement, Americans take the offensive to the source of the problems (as they see it) abroad. The second emotion is a sense of humiliation, displayed by Arab and Muslim peoples. Arabs feel humiliated by contrasting their present sad conditions either with their view of golden past or the developed and prosperous West. Between the emotion of fear and the emotion of humiliation, there is a by-stander: Asia with its emotion of hope. The spectacular postwar recoveries of Japan and South Korea, and the recent developments of China and India offer enormous hope for Asians. Moisi also argues that the West needs to recognize the existence of threat emanating from the emotion of humility by Arab and Muslim countries, and needs to take measures to eliminate the threat by "instilling a sufficient sense of hope and progress in Muslim societies so that despair and anger do not send the masses into the radicals' arms" (Moisi).

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