Exercise Physiology Essay

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Muscle fiber type and performance

The body majorly has two types of muscles, the slow-twitch and fast-twitch muscle fibers. Most people have, on estimation, 50% slow-twitch fibers and 50% fast-twitch ones. This however can significantly change depending on the type of training an athlete goes through. The slow-twitch muscles come into play for the endurance athletes hence they will develop more of this type over time with training. Fast-twitch muscle fibers are way better for activities that need short periods of intense activity such as among sprinters hence such athletes will develop more of this over time (Rivera H., 2018).

Breakdown of glycogen

Glycogen Phosphorylase catalyzes breakdown of glycogen into Glucose-1-Phosphate (G1P). The reaction that produces G1P from the glycogen in the body is referred to as phosphorolysis. Phosphorolysis reaction use phosphate to breakdown bigger molecules into smaller ones. The process of breaking down of the glycogen into glucose is referred to as glycogenolysis. This process takes place in the cells of the muscles and in the liver tissues as a response to neural and hormonal signals. Glycogenolysis plays a significant role in the flight-or-fight responses that are adrenaline induced as well as the regulation of glucose in the blood.

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Essentially the breakdown of glycogen to glucose will require four enzymes; one to degrade glycogen, two to remodel glycogen so that it remains a substrate for degradation, and one to convert the product of glycogen breakdown into a form suitable for further metabolism (National Center for Biotechnology Information, 2018).

How a nerve impulse is transmitted along its axon

Electrical impulses are transmitted from neuron to neuron through nerve impulse, referred to as an action potential, when the axon membrane rapidly depolarises and repolarises. The action potential taks place or is experienced when a neurone relays information down an axon. This process involves an explosion of electrical activity, where the nerve and muscle cells resting membrane potential changes, the axon gets polarized when the inside is negatively charged and the outside is positively charged. When a stimulus is applied, the Sodium ions channels in the axon membrane open, causing sodium ions to move into the axon and a rise of the p.d, due to the positive charge increase within the axon. If the stimulus reaches a threshold of -40mv, an action potential is generated, which is the nerve impulse. The depolarisation causes the inside of the axon….....

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