Family Violence and Crime Family Term Paper

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The second stated parenting style, specifically the 'authoritative' parenting style is generally believed among researchers to be the optimum parenting style for positive outcomes specifically relating to intergenerational transmission of cyclic problems relating to abuse and violence in families.

VI. LIFE COURSE TRAJECTORY of CRIME and VIOLENCE

It is stated in the work of Robert J. Sampson and John H. Laub entitled: "A Life-Course View of the Development of Crime " that a life course view....tends to emphasize the notion that people get 'locked' into certain trajectories." or, in other words, "... people construct their lives within the content of ongoing constraints." This is viewed as a continuous social reproduction." (2005) the work of Moffitt (1993, 1994) posited "two distinct categories of individuals, each possessing a unique natural history of antisocial behavior over the life course - Life-Course-Persistent and Adolescence-Limited Offenders." (Sampson and Laub, 2003) the argument of Moffitt is that "life-course persisters have etiological roots traced to childhood risk factors such as temperament, low verbal IQ and poor self-control.

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" (Sampson and Laub, 2003) Sampson and Laub state that "Life-course persisters, although small in number, do enormous damage because they account for the lion's share of adult misconduct." (2003)

SUMMARY and CONCLUSION

Findings in this research include the fact that a 'cycle-of-violence' exists within family violence that is transferred from generation to generation in the form of abuse whether physical or verbal. Patterson's Coercion model explains how parents may reinforce the pattern of abuse and while a victim to the abuse also becomes a perpetrator of abuse. Albert Bandura's vicarious learning theory has been reviewed as well as have the different parenting styles and the effects of those styles of parenting upon the children and the resulting behavior of the children associated with the different styles of parenting. Finally, this work has related how a 'life-course trajectory of crime' may result when a child is reared in a hostile or abusive environment......

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