Genetics: Study of Biological Information Essay

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The information is then transcribed into the traits and phenotypes of the offspring depending on the dominance and recessive alleles within the gene (Berg, Tymoczko, & Stryer, n.d). The egg is fertilized by the sperm from the mother and their nuclei fuses together to form a zygote. The zygote contains 23 chromosomes from the mother and 23 from the father. From this combination of genes and the environmental conditions of the uterus, the traits and phenotypes of the individual are determined.

The principle of segregation for all organisms is as follows:

1. Hereditary traits are determined by specific genes. In the DNA molecule, genes are coded to specify a certain, single characteristic; this includes height, weight, eye color, etc. Any variations of the gene that correlates to the same trait are called alleles.

2. Individuals carry two genes for each trait, one from the mother's egg and one from the father's sperm. One of the genes will be dominant over the other. The dominant allele will mask the other, called the recessive allele.

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When the father gives a tall allele in regards to the height gene, and the mother gives a short allele, the offspring will be tall. This is because tall is dominant and short is recessive (Gene School, 2010).

Conclusions

In this course, it has been defined as "the study of how biological information is stored, utilized, and passed on from one generation to the next." The cell plays the role of storage, retrieval, and translation of the hereditary and functional aspects of the cellular process. The genes inside of the cell are the information storage units and determine the characteristics of the individuals or species.

The DNA, found in the nucleus of the cell, stores the genetic material and the RNA is the transfer, messenger, and translator of the codes taken from the DNA.

The genetic materials, traits of the mother and father, are transferred to their offspring through the sex chromosome of the parents. The traits and phenotypes are dependent on the dominant or recessive alleles from the parents......

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