Hardwired Is Human Behavior? Response Research Proposal

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" (ND, p.1) According to Ryan the human brain is an "evolved system" and one that is organized "to an underlying evolutionary logic." (ND, p.1) It is the claim of evolutionary psychologists that "the human brain has not changed" and furthermore, that it has not been "under any evolutionary pressure to do so -- in any significant way over the past 100,000 years, and therefore, modern man maintains the 'mind' of his Stone Age ancestors." (ND, p.1)

Lynch (2004) author of 'The Neuro Revolution: How Brain Science is Changing Our World" states that "emotions and feelings are mediated by distinct neural systems. Whereas emotions are automatic responses to stimuli, feelings are 'private, subjective experiences' that emerge from the cognitive processing of an emotion eliciting state."(p.1) Therefore, it can be understood that indeed human brains are to some extent hardwired however, the individual's cognitive processing capacity has a great deal to do with how the individuals reacts to specific stimuli.

The work published in the 'Brain Mysteries' publication (2008) states that human imaging studies "have for the first time identified brain circuitry associated with social status, according to researchers at the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) of the National Institutes of Health." (Brain Mysteries, 2008) Specifically it is stated that findings show that "different brain activities are activated when a person moves up or down in a pecking order -- or simply views perceived social superiors or inferiors." (Brain Mysteries, 2008) In fact, it related that NIMH Director Thomas R. Insel, M.D. stated that "Our position in social hierarchies strongly influences motivation as well as physical and mental health.

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This first glimpse into how the brain processes that information advances our understanding of an important factor that can impact public health." (Brain Mysteries, 2008)

These discoveries have important implications for today's management within organizations however, it is simultaneously important to understand that while the human brain is to a great extent hard-wired that as stated by Nicholson "people are complex and many-sided" and it would be impractical and illogical to attempt to classify individuals based upon this hardwiring alone or to attempt to predict the actions or reactions of a group of human beings upon the basis of hard-wiring of the human brain.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Clark, William R. & Grunstein, Michael. Are We Hardwired?: The Role of Genes in Human Behavior. Oxford University Press, New York, NY, 2000.

Benderly, B.L. Are We Hardwired? The Role of Genes in Human Behavior. Genome News Network. 2000 Nov 3. Online available at: http://www.genomenewsnetwork.org/articles/11_00/Hardwired_review.php

Tancredi, L. Hardwired Behavior. What Neuroscience Reveals about Morality. 2005. Cambridge University Press. Online available at: http://assets.cambridge.org/97805218/60017/sample/9780521860017ws.pdf

Ryan, Terry. Review: How Hardwired is Human Behavior? The 21st Century Learning Initiative. Online available at: http://www.21learn.org/archive/articles/ryan_nicholson.php

Lynch, Zack. Brain Waves. Corante 22 Feb 2004. Online available at: http://brainwaves.corante.com/archives/2004/02/22/empathy_is_a_hardwired_feeling.php

Human Brain Appears 'Hard-Wired' for Hierarchy." Brain Mysteries. 26 Apr 2008. Online available at: http://www.brainmysteries.com/research/Human_brain_appears_hard-wired_for_hierarchy.asp

Nicholson, Nigel (1998) How Hardwired is Human Behavior? Little Rooster Liquors......

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