Health Care Population Literature Review Chapter

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2015 will be the year of innovation for UAE which will involve the Traditional methods of innovation system analysis that will mostly put the focus on describing the structure of an innovation system. This is being done because in the past it has been argued that it has proved to be inadequate for understanding the factors and procedures that drive and bear innovation (Kan, 2015). In many studies, the system structures are looked at as being static in the UAE, "giving them weak to deal with technology dynamics" (Bourne, 2013). A much healthier understanding of the procedure that occurs in innovation systems, so called dynamics or functions, is delivered by Technological Innovation System (TIS) method in the UAE.

The Technological Innovation System approach has been widely described in the literature (Fassin, 2009; Kan, 2015; Staff, 2015; Bessiso, 2015; Sophia, 2015; Jones, 2015; Nahyan, 2015; (Kan, 2015)). With that being said, below we converse only briefly some of the concepts that are important for 2015 which will be the year of innovation for UAE.

By definition, A (Technological Innovation System) TIS, is a network of institutions, actors, technologies, and the interrelations among them that would operate in the new UAE (Jones, 2015). Moreover, instead of having a natural features as a start or a business, the Technological Innovation System is recognized for putting a lot of the emphases on a technology. Moreover, when examining sustainability innovations, there were previous studies that have highlighted the significance of a structure that is dynamic (Bourne, 2013, Nahyan, 2015; Writer, 2014). Figure 1 exemplifies the structure, dynamics and functions of a Technological Innovation System. Because the solar industry in the UAE is in very early stages, the discussion of the Technological Innovation System in this paper does not emphasis on a precise kind of a technology but more on a broad perspective.

Figure 1: The structure, dynamics, and functions in a TIS

general, the institutional challenges faced in the early stages of industry expansion are the same irrespective of technology (e.g. concentrated solar photovoltaic,). For clearness, the Technological Innovation System describe certain technology as those structural elements that openly support (or reject) the development and, ultimately, the dispersal of different technology in the UAE (Bourne, 2013).

Critical Successful Factors for Innovation Diffusion

As stated by Lam (2005), the critical success factor approach has been extensively utilized in information systems (IS) research. Nevertheless, few studies were identified that used a critical success factor viewpoint when investigating experiences in the UAE. Accounting functions. Young-Gul and Kyung-Kwon (2002) explicitly focused on the high disappointment rate of ERP organizations and recognized that organizational context was critical for their effective execution in UAE. Another feature of the study led by Wiener and Remus (2010)came to the conclusion that the critical success factors of offshore software expansion is vital. In equally ways of their research, Wiener and Remus (2010) went out and did expert interviews and literature reviews in order to classify critical success factors. When it comes to the UAE the research identified six factors critical to innovation diffusion for 2015. These factors included 1) Professional development and training; 2) Skilled technical support; 3) Stakeholder involvement; 4) Stakeholder involvement; 5) Technology/infrastructure; and 6) Quality, reliability, and flexibility of technology (Kan, 2015).

External and Internal

According to Jones (2015) The U.A.E. will develop into one of the most innovative countries in the world through an emphasis on seven sectors: renewable energy, transport, health, education, technology, space and water. When it comes to internal and external drives for this innovation, strategies are looked at as being important on both ends (KhaleejTimes, 2014). According to Kan (2015) the strategy for internal and external drives will stimulate innovation in seven sectors in the year 2015 for UAE where innovation is expected to be key to excellence: renewable energy, transport, technology, education, health, space and water. The first phase consist of 30 national creativities to be accomplished within the next three yearsin UAE. These include innovation incubators, new legislation, venture in specialised abilities, private-sector enticements, universal research partnerships, and an innovation drive to the government.

According to Fassin (2009) the UAE is previously looked at as being the most innovative Arab nation in the world when it comes to innovation.

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However, part of the external drive is to be among the most ground-breaking countries in the world (Bourne, 2013). Another part of that external drive is to surpass other nations on the outside in other words be competitive. It is clear that the competitiveness race stresses a continuous flow of new ideas, in addition to innovative leadership using diverse methodologies for change.

When it comes to the internal, according to Nahyan (2015) this innovation strategy is a nationwide importance for their agenda of development and advancement. It is a main tool to attain Vision 2021 and an instrument for the growth of unique skills. According to Bessiso (2015) UAE has continually called for originality in every field: this plan is a real step to make sure that this vision comes to past. These creativities around innovation will improve quality of life in the UAE and take the economy to another different level that will cause them to be a big player in the enterprise.

According to Fassin (2009) one of the internal drives for this innovation is a new and improved TIS system for the year 2015 for the UAE. The research displays that the actors in a Technological Innovation System refer to organizations tangled in the developing technology. The growth of a Technological Innovation System, as Nahyan (2015) debate, depends on the interrelations among all these actors. For instance, even though the government has been able to play an important role in bring the right support of the growth of solar industry worldwide, the achievement of the Technological Innovation System depended on how well its efforts have been coordinated with the needs of the executives and of the business section.

Environment and Innovation

According to Sophia (2015) getting the environment to come to innovation is very important and this will be done by what is known to be four parrallel tracks. Experts in UAE agree that the first track will be the one that will sort of anchor an inspiring environment for innovation in the form of helpful laws and organizations. It will be able to shape specialized entities for example innovation incubators in addition to technological infrastructure to fuel innovation in all segments in the year 2015. It will also emphasis on research and development in numerous innovation areas.

The second track will be able to create some kind of government innovation by institutionalizing ground-breaking practices with the provision of a combined system of contemporary gears (Fassin, 2009). The strategy needs all government entities to decrease spending by 1% and to offer the savings to research and innovation developments. Education programmes and National training on innovation will also be propelled.

Research shows that the third track will be the one that will inspire private sector innovation by motivating corporations to start innovation and scientific research centres, to accept new type of technologies, and to create innovative products and services (KhaleejTimes, 2014). The U.A.E. will appeal to other pioneering global companies in important innovation sectors, start zones and innovation communities, and support applied research in parts of national importance. It will likewise improve the UAE's position as a global centre to test new innovations.

Further investigation makes the point that the fourth track will qualify persons with highly innovative skills by putting the focus on technology, engineering science, and mathematics, as well as the formation of educational material for schools and colleges. According to Bourne (2013) the goal is to begin a national culture that inspires innovation and entrepreneurship through companies among the public, private and media sectors.

Technological factors will also play a part in environment and innovation. Research shows that technological factors are made of knowledge, abilities and actions, observed in relative to actors and establishments (Staff, 2015). They can also consist of the techno-economic workings, for instance charges, safety, dependability, and effects of up-scaling (Fassin, 2009). These features are vital for accepting the response mechanisms among technological change and recognized change. Systems can be apparent as modes for the transferal of unspoken (Writer, 2014) and clear knowledge. According to Bessiso (2015) beking strongly combined in a network increases the resource base of an actor and accelerates the development of organizations and technological factors. Instances of networks are alliance of.....

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