History of the Police History Term Paper

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Peel's Metropolitan Police were the first modern police force (Grant & Terry, 2012).

Modern police forces were established in the United States in the 1830s and 1840s. As in England, the old system of law enforcement broke down due to urbanization, industrialization, and immigration. Americans borrowed most of the features of modern policing from London: the mission of crime prevention, the strategy of visible patrol over fixed beats, and the quasi-military organizational structure (Walker & Katz, 2011).

The terrorist attacks of 9/11 have resulted in some police agencies becoming involved in matters related to homeland security. Since these attacks police departments have been expanding into new areas of investigation and working more closely with federal law enforcement, intelligence agencies, and the military. Additionally, departments have increased their levels of surveillance over their communities, and are paying more attention to the safety of critical infrastructure (Walker & Katz, 2011).

The first municipal police agency to expend a significant amount of resources toward homeland security was the New York City Police Department (NYPD). In 2002, Police Commissioner Raymond W. Kelly established a Counterterrorism Bureau.

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As a result, New York City police officers are stationed in such cities as London, Tel Aviv, and Hamburg, working on a variety of issues involving counterterrorism. Many feel this kind of attention to homeland security diverts attention and resources away from more traditional policing responsibilities.

According to Walker and Katz (2012) most general service law enforcement agencies, and most police officers, are not involved with issues related to homeland security. Typically police agencies focus on issues of local concern and unless a suspected terrorist is believed to be in the agency's jurisdiction, most local police departments do not expend a substantial amount of resources toward searches for terrorists. However, some local police agencies have become more involved with protecting particular places from potential terrorist activity. This effort has largely involved developing emergency response plans and providing preventative patrols in locations where the risks of terrorism are higher, such as stadiums, parks, and other locations that host large public gatherings. While some local police agencies participate in homeland security efforts, homeland security plays a small role in most.....

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