Homeland Security and the Distinction Between ISR and IAA Essay

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The Distinction Between ISR and IAA

The intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance have capabilities that are aimed at improving the informational and situation awareness to the department of homeland security. The capabilities of ISR have increased in demand since the incident of Hurricane Katrina. The same capabilities of ISR are the ones that are termed Incident Awareness and Assessment (IAA). The Incident Awareness and Assessment (IAA) capabilities have been leveraged to respond to various kinds of threats such as hurricanes, wildfires or even ocean oil spill.

The ISR has the capability to provide invaluable situational awareness from various intelligence disciplines. The intelligence can be in the form of signals or imagery to the military commanders. Improved ISR provides the military commanders with the big picture, enables them to have a clear understanding of the issues as well as allow them to apply the available resources in an efficient manner.

The ISR imagery intelligence capabilities were designed to support civil authorities and humanitarian operations in case of an occurrence of a natural disaster. During Hurricane Katrina, the ISR capabilities were used to provide the military with full-motion video and imagery of the hurricane (Knight, 2008). The ISR platforms employed the synthetic and electro-optical aperture imaging systems which increased the effectiveness of response in incidents from homeland security significantly through the provision of the first responders as well as the incident commanders with the same level of incident awareness as the military commanders.

On the other hand, DOD capabilities can satisfy the informational requirements of the ISR. However, the IAA is tasked with other capabilities to survey large areas through the use of radar, infrared and optical imaging techniques. The only difference that exists between the two is that the IAA operates only within the American borders while the ISR operates both within and without the American borders.

Benefits of Using IAA in Homeland

The ability to provide support to the civil authorities and deliver the ISR and IAA capabilities is not just carried out randomly but is constrained by laws, policies, doctrine and ethical considerations.

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Doctrine enables the DOD in the planning and execution of operations. The policy which constitutes regulations and executive orders limit the department to operate within the homeland. The law provides narrow guidelines which regulate the way the department of homeland security is operated within the United States. Moreover, privacy concerns are what pose ethical barriers which have to be put into considerations by the department while utilizing the IAA and the ISR capabilities (Cannon, 2011). The Military has to be considerate…

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…availability of the manual on the website is to ensure the unity of the agencies that are involved in responding to incidents that occur in the American soil whether natural or man-made (Cannon, 2011). The fact that different agencies are required to be on the forefront when responding to the incident, the book is made available to ensure that each of the party is well informed of their duties.

Ethical Considerations in Publicizing the Use and Purposes of IAA

Though the department of homeland security has ethical considerations, publicizing the purposes and use of IAA goes against some of these ethics (Howard, et al., 2018). One of these ethical considerations is privacy which they abuse it once they publicize their operations.

Method of Sharing Details

The method of sharing information with the public is something that I would advocate for any other agency. This is because, whenever an incident occurs, it is not just the military that is involved. Other parties especially the ones that help such as volunteers. This makes it necessary for all parties to be aware of the operations that are carried out by the department.

An Agency to Use a Similar Format

A good example that should publicize their operations is the department of emergency management….....

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References

Cannon, W. R. (2011). Using DoD ISR capabilities in support of homeland security and defense; policy challenges and considerations for effective incident awareness and assessment. Naval Postgraduate School Monterey CA.

Howard, J. J., Blanchard, A. J., Sirotin, Y. B., Hasselgren, J. A., & Vemury, A. R. (2018). An investigation of high-throughput biometric systems: Results of the 2018 Department of Homeland Security Biometric Technology Rally. In IEEE.

Knight, W. (2008). Homeland Security: Roles and Missions for United States Northern Command. Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress

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