Human Nature (Voltaire, Rousseau & Essay

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d.).

Hewett (2006) stated Locke believed that merely facts from abstract ideas are eternal "as the existence of things is to be known only from experience," this moreover emphasize his line of reasoning that related to morality for he added that "the truth and certainty of moral discourses abstracts from the lives of men, and the existence of those values in the world, whereof they treat." Locke believed in inquiring everything and denying the authority either of the past or of the clergy for he desired everyone to depend on their own judgment and reasoning which is exactly the he created an contention to defend believing in God, and made sure to rebut the thought that reason is different to faith, saying that faith can never sway us of anything that opposes our knowledge and disagreeing that, apart from in the instance of divine revelation, people must constantly look first to their own reason; hence anything worldly and must not be closed to their own deduction, observation, experiment or experience should at all times be a matter of reason (Hewett, 2006).

Jean Jacques Rousseau, on the other hand, has been writing before the French Revolution surprised Western Civilization by suggesting that humans had once been solitary animals, and had learned to be political -- the significant point of this was the thought that human nature was not permanent, or at least not wherever close to the degree previously proposed by philosophers.

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Rousseau said that people, during his time, are political now but initially they were not; and this broke significant, and also politically perilous view, for the political events of the 19th and 20th century, in which, to provide the most scandalous examples, totalitarianism -- (is a term employed by political science, especially those in the field of comparative politics, to describe modern regimes in which the state regulates nearly every aspect of public and private behavior), and brain washing developed; governed by a "general will" that summarized the vital harmony of all men, people would employ reason to resolve their individual interests with the laws of the state; and learned to be self-interested and self-reliant, a citizen would not determine himself in opposition to other people nor find to be in charge of them for he would avoid selfish preferences in accord of social equality -- how, subsequently, could such an ideal state emerge? For Rousseau, it needed the complete education of a child. (Jean-Jacques Rousseau- Social Inequalities, emile, Gender Considerations, n. d.)......

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