Human Resources Management Trends and Issues Emotional Intelligence Ei in the Workplace Term Paper

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Emotional Intelligence

Although the recently used term "Emotional Intelligence" is an offshoot of decades of psychological study, much confusion exists on its meaning and application. In addition, the amount of academic studies in this area has been relatively few. Most of the writings have been done in nonscientific ways. The purpose of this thesis would be to conduct a thorough historical overview of the topic and recommendations for further study to see how this measurement tool could best be used in a business setting.

In 1985, graduate student Wayne Leon Payne wrote a doctoral dissertation including the term "emotional intelligence." Five years later, a paper by professors at American University of New Hampshire, State University of New York and Yale University (Mayer, DiPaolo, and Salovey, 1990) clarified the definition of emotional intelligence (EI) as "the accurate appraisal and expression of emotions in oneself and others and the regulation of emotion in a way that enhances living" and tested a way of scientifically measuring the difference between people's ability in the area of emotions. In the study, 139 adults rated the emotional content of 18 reproductions of faces, color swatches and abstract designs they viewed. Three scores were extracted -- consensual accuracy, amount and range of emotion perceived -- and compared to other aspects of (EI) such as empathy and related to constructs such as alexithymia and neuroticism. They found some people are better at identifying their own and other people's feelings and solving problems involving emotional issues.

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Since then, these professors have been the primary researchers in establishing the parameters of EI on an academic level.

Meanwhile, Howard Gardner's 1993 book on multiple intelligences drew much attention in education and psychology circles with reference to the "personal intelligences" as one subgroup of intelligences. According to Gardner, personal intelligences include (1) inner-directed, intrapersonal knowledge, which allows one to detect and to symbolize complex and highly differentiated sets of feelings; and (2) outer-directed, interpersonal knowledge -- the ability to notice and make distinctions among the moods, temperaments, motivations, and intentions of others.

Two years later, Daniel Goleman, a New York author wrote articles for Popular Psychology and New York Times on this topic and was visiting schools to see what programs were available to study EI. He was also immersing himself in the works of Mayer et al. To write a popular book on the subject in 1995. Although he covered the work that had previously been done, he added his own thoughts on the how EI can be used in a corporate setting. Disagreement presently exists on the actual definition of EI as well as how means for proper measurement. Further, "it is based on a long history of research and theory in personality and social, as well as I/O, psychology" (Cherniss, 2000). Regardless, Cherniss states that it is useful and interesting to consider how important it is for effective performance at work." Overall, very little academic research has been.....

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