Indentured Servitude and English

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American History

Northwest Passage- 1492-1600 when Europeans encountered the new world

After the Portuguese and Spanish took control of the South's sea pathways, the English and French began seeking a northwestern route to Asia. However, by the 17th century, they lost hope of ever making their way across North America's northern part after many generations of sailors failed to find a way. Nevertheless, early 15th and 16th century explorations and colonization increased knowledge regarding the world by a significant amount. Cornelius Wytfliet, the cartographer from Flanders created a world map that continued to depict the mythical "Straits of Anian" -- a province in China connecting the Atlantic and the legendary Northwest Passage, which finds mention in the edition of traveler, Marco Polo's work dated 1559. European powers' endeavors to make their homes in the Americas succeeded, ultimately, in the 17th century, when the English and the French successfully contested the Spanish claim to total domination over the whole continent. Towards the end of the 16th century, European political changes, largely significant substitutions in leaders/rulers, ultimately afforded the English and the French the chance for planning settlements in America. The French-English rivalry started on the fresh stage of North America.

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The era from 1492 to 1600 marked the Atlantic's Opening, but the subsequent period would witness something greater -- North America's Opening (Concepcion Saenz-Cambra, 2012).

2. Tobacco- the southern colonies in the seventeenth century 1601-1700

The barbaric slave trade practice which transpired across the Atlantic Ocean was an extraordinarily straightforward, single-directional relocation, the core aspect of a well-documented, clever though inhuman, triangular system of commerce. New Netherland was unable to compete the plantation colonies of the Caribbean in their slave labor demands. Out of the two huge slave-cargo vessels that docked in New York City (called New Amsterdam in those days), a majority of slaves aboard the 'Het Witte Paert' were immediately resold to Chesapeake's tobacco cultivators. Meanwhile, the nearly three-hundred slaves aboard the other ship -- the Gideon -- came ashore only to witness New Amsterdam's peaceful surrender to the people of England. In the year 1655, New Netherland's council and governor ratified a duty of 10% on the exported sale of every individual slave from the New Netherlands colony, as nearly all slaves who came via the Het Witte Paert, were exported. At this time, Chesapeake's tobacco planters started replacing the indentured servants of Britain.....

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