International Heroin Trafficking Is a Research Paper

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S. residents over the age of 12 who have used heroin "at least once in their lifetime." (National Drug Intelligence Center, 2009, p.1) Heroin use among high school students is stated to be of particular concern and specifically reported is that approximately two percent of high school seniors have used heroin at least one time and that of those who have used heroin while in high school, approximately fifty percent have injected the drug.

Heroin may be injected, smoked or snorted. Many believe that smoking the drug will not lead to addiction however this is simply untrue. It is reported that both new and experienced users are at risk of overdosing on heroin since the purity of the heroin is an unknown.

The following table lists the street names for Heroin.

Figure 1

Street names for Heroin

Big H

Boy

Capital H

China white

Chiva

Dead on arrival

Diesel

Dope

Eighth

Good H

H

Hell dust

Horse

Junk

Mexican horse

Mud

Poppy

Smack

Thunder

Train

White junk

Source: National Drug Intelligence Center, 2009, p.1

Heroin is an illegal drug and is a Schedule 1 substance under the Controlled Substances Act. As well Schedule I drugs are known to have a high potential for abuse and to serve no legitimate medical purpose.

The price of heroin is addressed in a report that states the following drug prices for heroin in the United Kingdom:

Heroin (per bag/gram)

10/43

11/50

-/52

Source: Transform Drug Policy Foundation (2010)

It is reported that a Columbian shipment of 350 kilograms of high-grade heroin was valued at $35 million. (Tsai, 2007, p.1) it is stated that in the recent bust "Operation Jacket Racket, the 350 kilograms of heroin referred to bricks that are 60% to 70% pure. And $35 million refers to its wholesale value in the area where it was expected to be distributed.

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The DEA tends to give wholesale rather than retail estimates, since the agency usually makes arrests in the middle of the sales chain." (Tsai, 2007, p.1)

The Presidential Directive for Heroin Control Policy states that the efforts" against production and trafficking of heroin are guided by the Presidents heroin control policy." (PDD 44, 1995) Additionally reported is that according to Jane E. Becker, Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary, Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, as the basis for developing a comprehensive heroin strategy PDD-44 [the "heroin PDD"]: "… international heroin control is a major foreign policy objective and that we are to develop programs that complement domestic efforts and blunt the potential impact of the international trade on our interests." (PDD 44, 1995) Specifically stated is that PDD 44 provides direction for:

(1) Working through diplomatic and public channels to boost international awareness of the growing heroin threat;

(2) Promoting the United Nations Drug Control Program and regional financial institution involvement;

(3) Bring law enforcement efforts to bear against the principal organizations that are involved in heroin production, processing, distribution, and transit; and (4) Address the underground banking systems that finance trafficker operations. (PDD44, 1995, p.1)

In addition, PDD44 is stated to mandate "…more aggressive use of the certification process." (PD44, 1995, p.1)

Summary and Conclusion

Heroin use has a long history in the international drug trade and is a drug that is highly illegal and highly addictive in nature. Newer and cheaper synthetic heroin has made the drug more readily available and less costly for users to purchase. Law enforcement is coping with the heroin threat through procedures of PDD 44 (1995) which includes working in the diplomatic and public channels in boosting awareness at the international level of the growing threat presented by heroin which is inclusive.....

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