Interscholastic Sports & Academics What Effect if Essay

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Interscholastic Sports & Academics

What effect if any do interscholastic sports have on a young person's academic achievements? A great deal of the literature indicates that playing interscholastic sports can help a student become more proficient and successful in his or her academic pursuits. This paper references studies that present the facts regarding the mainly positive effects that interscholastic sports can have on a middle school or high school student's success in the classroom.

An article in Kappa Delta PI Record (Lumpkin, et al., 2010, p. 124) references the National Federation of State High School Associations' (NFHS) data that shows "…more than 7,000,000 interscholastic athletes in the United States" are doing better academically than students that are not out for sports. Lumpkin refers to NFHS data that shows: a) those seven million students overall "have higher grade-point averages"; b) they also have "lower dropout rates, better daily attendance, and fewer discipline problems" than those not playing sports (pp. 124-125).

The article by Lumpkin is directed towards interscholastic coaches, and among the issues that the author asks coaches to stress is that while "winning" is important, winning is "often overemphasized" (p. 125). The point needs to be reinforced that coaches need to "…Stress academic achievement first and foremost," Lumpkin explains on page 125).

Meanwhile Patricia Lyons-Daniels' research shows that participation in sports gives the adolescent an opportunity to enhance his or her "…self-esteem, self-efficacy, competence, academic achievement and fitness" (Lyons-Daniels, 1999, p. 12). Students who go out for sports in middle school, the level of education that Lyons-Daniels investigates, find out that the competitive demands of competitive athletics tends to "…mirror other life experiences" (12). In fact sports often results in "…the development of positive self-esteem and self-concept… how an individual perceives his or her self," Lyons-Daniels continues.

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Why is self-esteem and self-concept important for middle school children? The "prestige" that often comes from doing well in sports can produce a "more positive self-concept" which can lead to "higher aspirations in academics" (Lyons-Daniels, 13).

The author of this article references the research of Harter (1982), Klint & Weiss (1987) and Ewing & Seefelt (1990), to assert that students with a strong sense of physical competence posses "higher perceptions of self-efficacy" (14). And students playing sports, who perceive themselves as competent, tend to make judgments about their level of competence in "scholastic performance, physical performance, and peer relationships" (14). Additional research links competency to motivation, and hence, the desire for a middle school student to be competent is one of the "most frequent motives for participating in sports activities," Lyons-Daniels continues (14).

Lyons-Daniels mentions research by Lee et al. (1991) that concluded there is a "positive relationship" between "academic achievement and pro-academic behaviors for African-American students" (17). The behaviors that improved when engaged in sports were "better homework habits, attitude toward school, cooperation with teachers, and study habits" (17). In fact, Hawkins' (1992) research, referenced by Lyons-Daniels, indicated that participation in sports in middle school "is positively associated with the aspirations of African-American eighth-grade males to enroll in college preparatory programs" (17).

The research by Stern, et al., reflects a study by Stegman and Stephens (2000) that reported high school athletes that played at least one sport in each of their four years "… outperformed low-participant athletes in class rank, overall GPA, and math GPA" (Stern, et al., 2008, p. 190). Another research project that Stern brings to light shows that athletes that participated in interscholastic sports "for many seasons and many years" had a "higher level of scholarship" than athletes that just played sports for.....

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