Jones Logical Fallacies: Tools to Term Paper

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Because fallacies like the ones presented above can cause such problems in all forms of research and decision making, it is useful to have some tools to analyze a given statement. Known as "analytical tools," some examples are the "Devils Advocate," a method in which one argues against the stated conclusion to determine its validity (even though one may not agree with the position), "Lateral Thinking," or Edward de Bono's term for a type of creative thinking involving "pattern-switching within a patterning system." In basic terms, this means taking a look at a statement from a different perspective. For example, de Bono gives the example, "Grandma is knitting and young Susie is disturbing her playing with the wool. The father suggests putting Susie into the playpen. The mother suggests it might be a better idea to put Grandma in the playpen." This definitely gives one a different perspective on the original statement, and the logic behind it!

Additional tools include PMI, with P=good points, M=bad points, and I=interesting points. PMI- Plus/Minus/Interesting. In simple terms, one tallies all positive points in a column, all negative points in a column, and interesting points in a column in which one factors in the extended implications of accepting a statement or action.

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Of course this is also similar to "CAF" or considering all the factors -- both of which should be commonly used in evaluating statements or possible actions.

In conclusion, there are many types of logical fallacies that confront people in all aspects of life -- from academic and scientific research to even making the most common decisions of daily living. Being able to identify a fallacy when one is presented with one, as well as being able to apply tools to help one in this task is one of the best skills one can acquire. However, practice makes perfect. The more one becomes accustomed to "seeing" the logical fallacy for what it is, the less likely one will be taken in by its faulty logic -- the benefit of which can be immense in both one's private, as well as public sphere of life......

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