Kandel, and Compare and Contrast Essay

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On the other hand, similarities with both implicit and explicit memories that learning data are lodged in various regions of the brain simultaneously so that when one is corrupted all share impediments although unless impediment is widely spread the larger characteristic remains present. This explains why a lesion does not erase a memory or why a single impediment in speech may (for instance cause a stammer) but does not erase the ability of speech.

With explicit memory, on the other hand, any lesion effecting any major neural region can have a tremendous impact on the explicit memory system as a whole as in the case of Alzheimer where since the lesion exists in a major neural cortex it effects that whole memory system. Researchers, in fact, have discovered that whilst victims of Alzheimer are unable to remember fundamental explicit details such as their name or names of those closest to them, they do remember how to (for instance) brush their teeth. The explicit memory is destroyed; the implicit memory remains.

Lesions also with explicit memory affect the explicit data in a different way than lesions connected with implicit data does. Researchers, for instance, found that certain lesions interfere with the memory of living objects but not with the memory of inanimate objects.

Discussing similarities, however, both types of memory share similarities in that both are stored in association cortices meaning that when any one part of the memory is prodded, it stimulates a chain of similar memories (associates) in response.

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Trying to remember someone's name for instance stirs s up other details such as visual details of face and other associative details of person. In a similar way, details connected with a procedure (of implicit memory) flow into the brain in a holistic undifferentiated picture due to both types of memory being stored in association cortices.

Semantic knowledge is stored in a distributed pattern in the cortex. The more intensified the knowledge of that particular area, the faster it is retrieved. The larger the amount of associations, the more potent the knowledge. In both cases (implicit and explicit), cognitive efficiency depends on the number and strength of associations. A further similarity is that both declarative and non-declarative categories are comprised of verbal and visual aspects of memory each of which inhabits different circuitry with visual knowledge demanding even more specialization than verbal.

In short, both memory systems are stored in different parts of the brain, possess different functions, and achieve different results. Nonetheless, both are premised on the same functionalities.

Source

Kandel, E et al. Learning and Memory pdf......

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