Leadership and Multiple Ways at Journal

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This is because one of the dominant norms characterizing my company is that of integrity. Most of the activities undertaken by the organization are aimed at sustaining the culture in the company. For instance many practices in the human resource such as selection, training, performance appraisal and career development bolsters the culture of the organization. New employees are adapted to the culture of the company by a process known as socialization.

The central concept of The Social Construction of Reality is that persons and groups interacting together in a social system form, over time, concepts or mental representations of each other's actions, and that these concepts eventually become habituated into reciprocal roles played by the actors in relation to each other. When these roles are made available to other members of society to enter into and play out, the reciprocal interactions are said to be institutionalized (for example in the case of the business consultancy that I work on). In the process of this institutionalization, meaning is embedded in society. Knowledge and people's conception (and belief) of what reality is becomes embedded in the institutional fabric of society. Social reality is therefore said to be socially constructed (Stanley, 1984, p.43).

A major focus of social constructionism is to uncover the ways in which individuals and groups participate in the construction of their perceived social reality. It involves looking at the ways social phenomena are created, institutionalized, known, and made into tradition by humans. The social construction of reality is an ongoing, dynamic process that is reproduced by people acting on their interpretations and their knowledge of it. Because social constructs as facets of reality and objects of knowledge are not "given" by nature, they must be constantly maintained and re-affirmed in order to persist.

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This process also introduces the possibility of change: that is, co-workers got to understand that I was an optimistic person and had no intention of changing the corporate but to just fit in and bring positive additions (Stanley, 1984, p.58).

Social constructionism and social construction of reality

Although both social constructionism and social constructivism deal with ways in which social phenomena develop, they are distinct. Social constructionism refers to the development of phenomena relative to social contexts while social constructivism refers to an individual's making meaning of knowledge within a social context (Berger & Luckmann, 1966, p.114). For this reason, social constructionism is typically described as a sociological construct whereas social constructivism is typically described as a psychological construct. However, while distinct, they are also complementary aspects of a single process through which humans in society create their worlds and, thereby, themselves (Ian, 1999, p.173).

As part of the study of leadership, the study of how social construction is created even within the organization has been a major achievement in trying to solve and understand internal or external conflicts in an organization. The conflicts are created by the conflicting parties in a social manner as a result of their daily routine (John, 1995, p.69). For instance, the co-workers in an organization tend to be rigid to the young colleagues due to the fact that they may prejudge your ideas to be just the same as what they had already come up with. This process of social creation happens as we first externalize what we believe is happening. For example, when we make a.....

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