Meta Analyses and Systematic Reviews Chapter

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SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS AND META-ANALYSESDiscussion: Systematic Reviews and Meta-AnalysesAccording to Corcoran and Pillai (2008) systematic reviews come in handy in not only the identification, but also the synthesis of the evidence considered to be of relevance to the research query. With this in mind, systematic reviews could be considered an enhanced form of the traditional literature review approach. This is more so the case given that systematic reviews makes use of, or deploy, systematic methods in the combination as well as assessment of available evidence (Corcoran and Pillai, 2008). In a far as validity of systematic reviews is concerned, Patole (2021) observes that this has got to do with “how trustworthy the review\'s conclusions are for a reader” (193). It is important to note that in epidemiology, systematic reviews could be used in the formulation of strategies meant to impact the health and wellbeing of populations. For this reason, the relevance of relying on conclusions that could be deemed trustworthy cannot be overstated. The said trustworthiness can be assessed in terms of validity. On this front, two concepts come in handy, i.e. internal validity and external validity. Internal validity, as Patole (2021) points out, relates to the strength of the study methodology.

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Towards this end, as the author further indicates, the issue of greatest relevance happens to be bias extent. Thus, in the context of epidemiology, what…

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…some instances be biased by failure to include gray literature. Examples of gray literature on this front could be inclusive of, but is not limited to policy documents and government reports. Secondly, Corcoran and Pillai (2008) indicate that the absence of universal standards on various fronts (i.e. with regard to evidence evaluation) could result in poor quality or uncertain systematic reviews. It should also be noted that the problem of poor execution of meta-analyses could be a key limitation as it could make the same invalid. This is more so the case when appropriate studies are carelessly summarized or abstracted. Also, effects estimates could in some cases be meaningless – especially in those instances where….....

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