Meta-Analysis on the Literature Related to Nonpharamcological Essay

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meta-analysis on the literature related to nonpharamcological interventions for agitation in older adults with dementia. The authors intended to investigate which, if any, of the interventions used were the most effective.

Since the results of the effects of nonpharmacological interventions on decreasing agitation in dementia have varied, with some of these studies showing contradictory results, and since nursing staff need to know which particular intervention(s) to employ, a meta-analysis (which investigates and analyses the reliability of the various studies, comparing one against the other) is in order.

The procedures for this review were based on the eight steps suggested by Egger and Smith (2001). These are to: (1) formulate review question; (2) define inclusion and exclusion criteria; (3) locate studies; (4) select studies; (5) assess study quality; (6) extract data; (7) analyze and present results; and (8) interpret results.

Being that this is non-experimental study, no issues of control were used here. Rather, inclusion criteria was involved in order to define the studies that they felt pertinent to their research. Nonetheless, one of the inclusion criterion used included the fact that all accepted studies should employ a randomized controlled parallel or a randomized crossover study design. (Other inclusion criteria included the facts that they enrolled subjects with dementia; included nonpharmacological interventions for agitation; published study in English or Korean; included a published scale measuring agitation as outcome variable; and included sufficient information to determine the effect of nonpharmacological intervention).

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Feasibility issues are taken into account. These include taking into account possibility of disagreement (in this case all three reviewers discussed issue and arrived at a joint consensus); contacting original authors by e-mail if disagreement persisted; how to assess methodological quality (it was assessed by two reviewers according to allocation concealment (which used the Cochrane criteria as base), and according to withdrawals and dropouts); issues of inconsistent and missing data; potential sources of heterogeneity (both clinical and statically) across the data; and all aspects of data extraction and analysis.

The design used certainly does flow from the proposed question. The authors intended to assess, compare and discover the most effective intentions that could be used to control for agitation in patients with dementia. To that end, they carefully formulated their inclusion and exclusion criteria; carefully formulated their review question; conducted a thorough literature review; used specific methods to locate their studies; used special methods (scientifically and carefully conducted) to select their studies; assessed the….....

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