Neuroborreliosis Borrelia Burgdorferi or Bb Thesis

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Treatment

The Infectious Diseases Society of America or IDSA came out with guidelines on the treatment of the infection.

A multidisciplinary group, which prepared these guidelines, included infectious disease specialists, rheumatologists, neurologists, pediatricians, and entomologists. The guidelines primary apply to the disease strain acquired in the U.S. And do not tackle the diagnostic evaluation of the disease. They recommended oral and parenteral therapies according to a timetable. Doxycycline or amoxicillin, cefotaxime or penicillin would be prescribed. The guidelines warned against the use of first-generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and benzathene penicillin.

Greater Recovery Among Children

Studies conducted on 177 children treated for Lyme neuroborreliosis in an endemic area in Sweden showed that 117 of them recovered complete in two months.

The children exhibited fatigue, facial nerve palsy, loss of appetite and fever as symptoms. Antibiotics were given to 69% of the children. At 2 months, 117 of them recovered completely. At 6 months, 140 of the remaining also recovered. None reported progressive or recurring symptoms.

Vaccine

The vaccine Lymerix has been proven to be effective in 76% of individuals who received it according to a recommended schedule.

Its side effects were reported to be minimal, consisting of three days of arthralgias and myalgias and sores in 25% of them on the injection site. The American Committee on Immunization Practices of the Centers for Disease Control said that it should be administered in endemic and high-risk areas for ticks. The vaccine would be more cost-effective in those areas.

One study revealed a 1%+ of $53,100 ratio per quality-adjusted life saved with the use of the vaccine.

Another study showed $640. It is approved for adults aged 15 to 70 who should receive boosters yearly or every two years to maintain immunity. Lyme disease can be re-acquired, but an expert suggested that a later-stage will not develop a second new case. When treatment fails, a second course should be applied. The regimen, however, will be useless with late neurologic abnormalities. When the patient's condition stabilizes, oral therapy should complete the course.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Bransfield, Robert C. 2001. Lyme neuroborreliosis and aggression. Action Lyme. 21-23

(April).Available from http://actionlyme.50megs.com/neuroborreliosis%20aggression.htm

-. 2009. Lyme, depression and suicide. Canlyme. 18 (April). Available

from http://www.mentalhealthandillness.com/tnaold.html

-. 2009. The neuro-psychiatric assessment of lyme disease. Mental Health and Illness.

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Available from http://www.mentalhealthandillness.com/tnaold.html

Boggs, Will. 2008. Most children recover from lyme neuroborreliosis without sequelae.

Pediatric Infectious Diseases Journal. Available from http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/586114

Cohen, Marcus. 2004. Lyme disease: the ABCs. Townsend Letter for Doctors and Patients. (May). Available from http://findarticles.com/p/article/mi_mOISW/is_250/ai_n6112457/?tag=content;col1

Fallon, Brian et al. 1995. Late-stage neuropsychiatric lyme borreliosis differential diagnosis and treatment. Psychosomatics. 36:295-300. Available from http://www.wadhurst.demon.co.uk/lyme/lyme101.htm

Faul, John L, et al. 1999. Tick-borne pulmonary disease -- update on diagnosis and treatment. Chest. 116 (1): 222-230. Available from http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/416978

Rupprecht, Tobias A. et al. 2008. The pathogenesis of lyme neuroborreliosis from infection to inflammation. Molecular Medicine. March-April 14 (3-4): 205-212.

Available from http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2148032

Stricker, R. B and Johnson, Lorraine. 2009. Chronic lyme disease and the "axis of evil."

Future Microbiology. 3 (6): 621-624. Available from http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/586226

Smith, Robert, et al. 2000. Lyme disease surveillance in England and Wales, 1986-98.

Emergency Infectious Diseases. 6 (4). Available from http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/414744

Shadick, Nancy. 1999. Lyme disease: clinical update. Disclosures. Available from http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/423777

Weinstein, Robert A. 2000. Treatment of lyme disease. Disclosures. Available from http://www.medscape.com/viewarticles/423777

Marcus Cohen, "Lyme disease: the ABCs ." Townsend Letter for Doctors and Patients (May 2004)

ibid ibid ibid

Robert Smith, "Lyme disease surveillance in England and Wales, 1986-1998." Emergency Infectious Diseases. (2000)

ibid

Robert C. Bransfield, "The Neuro-psychiatric Assessment of Lyme disease." Mental Health and Illness (2009)

ibid

Brian Fallon et al., "Late-stage neuropsychiatric borreliosis differential diagnosis and treatment." Psychosomatics

ibid

Tobias A. Rupprecht et al. "The pathogenesis of Lyne Neuroborreliosis: from Infection to Inflammation." Molecular Medicine. (March-April 2008)

ibid

Raphael B. Stricker and Lorraine Johnson, "Chronic Lyme disease and the "axis of evil." Medscape. (March 2008)

ibid

Robert C. Bransfield, "Lyme Neuroborreliosis and aggression." Action Lyme. (April 21-23 2001)

ibid ibid

Robert C. Bransfield, "Lyme, depression and suicide." Canlyme. (April 18, 2009)

ibid ibid

John L. Faul et al., "Tick-borne pulmonary disease -- update on diagnosis and treatment." Chest. (1999)

ibid

Robert A. Weinstein, "Treatment of Lyme disease." Disclosures. (2000)

ibid

Will Boggs, "Most Children Recover from Lyme Neuroborreliosis without Sequelae." Pediatric Infectious Diseases Journal. (2008)

ibid

Nancy Shadick, "Lyme disease: clinical update." (1999)

ibid ibid.....

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