Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Art Movements Research Paper

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Expressionism: This movement was launched in the early 20th century and it used exaggeration, alteration and "primitivism" (www.ibiblio.org). Expressionism alludes to art works that "emphasize the extreme expressive properties of pictorial form," according to the Guggenheim Museum. Expressionism departed from the "appearance of reality" and promoted idealistic values that oppose the "constricting forces and repressive materialism of bourgeois society" (Guggenheim). The example used is "Paris Society" by Max Beckmann: given that this painting was finished on the eve of the Third Reich, all the people appear foreboding and depressed (perhaps for good reason); it's a black-tie party but people are exaggeratedly solemn. This could be a response to materialism as party-goers are supposed to be gay and enthusiastic.

Symbolism: This movement actually began as a literary concept, but came to be a part of the style of younger painters as well, who, like the writers, rejected "…the conventions of Naturalism" (Metropolitan Museum of Art). Art should not necessarily represent objectivity in the natural world, the painters in this genre insisted; art should represent emotions and ideas, and sometimes present them in "…imaginary dream worlds populated with mysterious figures" (www.metmuseum.

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org). The work of art is Pandora, by Odilon Redon, a French painter. It is a kind of dream world and Pandora was sent to earth by Jupiter with flowers surrounding her suggesting innocence. She holds the box that, should it be opened, will "unleash all the evils destined to plague mankind," which would end the Golden Age org).

Impressionism: This movement began in 1874 in Paris; artists used "loose brushwork" and embraced "pure unblended colors" (in bright blues, yellows and greens) rather than natural white, gray or black org). An impressionistic painting (by Renoir, Monet, Pissarro, et al.) is inexact, even mystical, with less detail but with bright, vibrant colors on outdoor scenes depicting everyday events in the lives of people. "Sunrise" is an iconic painting by Monet; it was actually the reason the movement was called "impressionism" because an art critic called it "impressionistic" rather than a complete, predictable scene. The boats and trees in the background stand out because of the various shades of blue and the brushwork. The boats in the foreground -- black -- contrast poignantly with….....

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