Observation and Learning Questions Essay

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testing data for the WJ-J-IV Tests of oral language and the test of achievement for Freddie Fictitious. Identify the four Broad Clusters included on these two test batteries, then give the Standard Score for each and using the WJ-IV classification chart what Range (not Proficiency) would you place Freddie for each of these four Broad Clusters?

The four broad clusters on these two test batteries include broad reading, broad mathematics, broad written language, and broad oral language. There is a band of 68% on Freddie Fictitious' scores in these categories. In broad reading he got an 82, in the range of 79-85, which is a low WJ IV classification range. In broad math he got a 113, in the range of 110-116, which I would classify as the high average range. In broad written language he got an 81 SS with a range of 78-84, which puts him in the low average WJ IV classification range. For broad oral language he got an SS of 105 (100-111), which is average via the WJ IV classification.

Note: Be sure to base all of your answers, when asked about "range," on WJ-IV classification chart (not proficiency).

2. Do any Broad Cluster(s) named in question 1 demonstrate skills that are in the average range? If so, which one(s) and how do you know? Freddie's Broad Cluster Broad Oral Language score is average. This information is gleaned from his SS range, which corresponds to the average range in the WJ IV Classification. That classification lists 90 to 110 as average. Thus, even though Freddie's range ended at 111, most of his SS range is in the classification range for average according to the WJ IV classification.

3. Do any Broad Cluster(s) named in question 1 demonstrate skills that are above the average range? If not, defend your answer. His scores in broad math is in the above average range. His SS was 110-116 in math, which is in the range of 111-120 for the WJ's high average.

4. Do any Broad Cluster(s) named in question 1 demonstrate skills that are below average range? If so, which one(s) and how do you know? If not, defend your answer. In broad reading and broad written language, Freddie is below average. His SS range was 79-85 in the former, low average is 80-89. In the latter, his SS range was 78-84.

5. In examining only the four Broad Clusters that you identified in question 1, does Freddie have any significant discrepancies? Explain your answer that includes why or why not with the names of the clusters and standard scores that provide evidence for your answer. Yes, Freddie certainly does have discrepancies in his broad cluster areas. Freddie's SS in broad oral language is 105, yet his SS in broad written language and broad reading is 81 and 82, respectively. That large of a disparity is a significant discrepancy. There is also a discrepancy between Freddie's broad mathematics score, which is 113, and his broad reading and written language scores. Perhaps this discrepancy is less significant than the other, because math and language arts are considered different subjects.

6. In examining only the four Broad Clusters that you identified in question 1, do any of Freddie's cluster scores demonstrate a true weakness? If so which one(s) and why. If there is not a true weakness, tell why not. Cite the name(s) of the cluster(s) and the subtests that provide evidence for your answer. Freddie's broad reading cluster score indicates a true weakness, for the simple fact that the student was low average in each of this areas subtests. Freddie only managed Standard Scores of 81 in Letter Word Identification, 82 in Passage Comprehension, and 82 in Sentence Reading Fluency. He also has a true weakness in broad written language, because he is at least low average in all three of its areas. These include Sentence Writing Fluency (82), Writing Samples (89), and a low classification in Spelling.

7. Define the term Percentile Rank (PR). The term Percentile Rank is a comparative term, that denotes the score of a particular student against the scores of other students that have taken this particular assessment instrument. In this respect, a test taker's percentile rank scores provides a point of comparison of determining how that test taker's scores compare to those of other students. It is because of the percentile rank that administrators can determine if students are superior or inferior to others.

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8. Give the Percentile Ranks for cluster(s) that you named in question 6. Include the name(s) of the cluster(s) associated with each percentile rank in your answer. Percentile ranks that I named in question six are for Broad Reading and Broad Written Language. In the former, Freddie scored an 11 (which is low average). In the latter, he got a 10, which is also low average according to the WJ IV Classification range.

9. Define the term Standard Score (SS). The term Standard Score is a statistical term. Specifically, it is used to denote the deviation from the average score of the group of other units of standard deviation. Thus, standard scores provide an object basis for determining individual aptitude for the particular subject on which he or she is getting tested. Standard Scores have been transformed from the raw data of a test so that they can provide an objective basis for scoring an assessment.

10. Give the Standard Scores for the cluster(s) that you named in question 6. Include the name(s) of the cluster(s) associated with each standard score in your answer. The Standard Scores for the clusters I named in question six include a score of 82 (79-85) in Broad Reading, and an SS of 81 (78-84) in Broad Written Language.

11. Define the term Age Equivalency score (AE) and explain how to write an AE score. An Age Equivalency score is a score that has been statistically calculated to determine a student's proficiency in a subject compared to others his or her age. It actually provides a point of comparison between a student's scores and others that are close to his age. When writing an age equivalency score it is necessary to numerically represent the student's age in a year-month format, separated by a dash.

12. Give the Age Equivalency for the cluster(s) that you named in question 6. Include the name(s) of the cluster(s) associated with each age equivalency score in your answer. Freddie's Age Equivalency in the broad reading cluster is 7-4 (seven years and four months). His Age Equivalency in Broad Written Language is 7-3 (seven years and three months).

13. Define the term Grade Equivalency (GE) score and explain how to write a GE score. A Grade Equivalency score is one which is indicative a student's progress in a subject area in which he or she is being tested. Moreover, it denotes this progress in terms of the grade and the months of school that a student's performance is demonstrative of. Thus, when writing these type of scores an administrator must write the student's grade level followed by the month of that grade level his or her score reflects. These are written in a grade-month format, with the months from 0-9.

14. Give the Grade Equivalency (GE) for the cluster(s) that you named in question 6. Include the name(s) of the cluster(s) associated with each grade equivalency score in your answer. Freddie's Grade Equivalency in Broad Written Language is 1.8. His Grade Equivalency in Broad Reading is 1.9.

15. Name and explain what the 68% band besides the Standard Score (SS) represents. The 68%age band besides the Standard Score helps to explain the accuracy of the standard scores. Those scores are represented by both numbers and a range of numbers. What the 68% band means is that those scores are accurate, or expectable scores for the student, 68% of the time. Thus, were this student to take this test three times, two out of three times he is expected to score in the identified range and with the identified number in the SS.

16. In explaining only four Broad Clusters that you identified in question 1, do any of Freddie's cluster scores demonstrate a true strength? If so which one(s) and why? If there is not a true strength, tell why not. Cite the name(s) of these cluster(s) and subtests that provide evidence for your answer. It appears as though Freddie does not have a true strength, because there is not a broad cluster in which he is above average in all of the subtests. In Broad Mathematics, his Applied Problems SS of 102 (97-107) is merely average according to the WJ IV Classification Range.

17. Based only on Friday's performance on the WJ-IV Tests of Oral Language and Tests of Achievement, what academic skills (do not just give the names of Clusters) does Freddie have.....

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